PARK AND CEMETERY 
J 95 
bank with boulders and cover it with vines, or make 
steps or shaded homes for ferns or sunny ones for 
Alpine plants, or many other things. Perhaps, later, 
we may learn to combine rockwork and architecture. 
One kind of rockwork we should be wary of attempt- 
ing : the imitation of natural rock formation by built- 
up stones. It is tedious and costly to make, usually a 
poor imitation, and mostly only justified when it can 
be partially or entirely covered with vines. 
Probably the best and easiest rockeries we make are 
those where boulders are scattered or arranged in a 
bank with the best eye to the picturesque that the 
builder can command, and partially covered or con- 
cealed with almost any low growing plants, vines, per- 
ennials, annuals or shrubs. In doing this, as in all 
kinds of designing, from a posy to a cathedral, the 
designer must do the best he can with his own wits and 
materials. There is no space in a short article to dis- 
cuss the details of building and planting material and 
arrangement. 
The Catholic Cemeteries of Dublin. 
Compiled by Mrs. Frances Copley Seavey from Fitz- 
patrick's History of the Dublin Catholic Cemeteries. 
The picturesque, ivy-covered church ruins of Ire- 
land are sometimes called the monuments of the ancient 
burial grounds that passed into Protestant hands at 
the Reformation, from which date until 1829, Catholic 
burials were made in Protestant grounds, while the 
churchyard fees went to swell the revenues of a clergy 
that performed no ministerial duties in their behalf, 
and the Catholic service was prohibited in such 
grounds. It is said that to evade. this rule it was 
customary to place a piece of clay 
in the coffin before leaving the 
house and to there recite the pray- 
ers prescribed to be said at the 
grave. 
To secure liberty in such matters, 
a movement was begun in 1823 
looking to the establishment of sep- 
arate burial grounds, Daniel O’Con- 
nell, the champion of Irish civil and 
religious liberty, being its leader. 
This brililant man found that, con- 
trary to the general opinion, there 
existed no legal obstruction to the 
scheme, and his report to that ef- 
fect, as chairman of a committee, is 
still preserved in the archives of 
the Catholic Association, as is also 
his formal legal opinion as counsel 
in a case brought to firmly establish the legality of the 
proposed reform. 
GOLDEN BRIDGE CEMETERY. 
Lengthy preliminaries resulted in the purchase of 
about three statute acres on rising ground, near the 
south side of the river Liffey and overlooking Phoenix 
Park, in the Dublin suburb known as Golden Bridge, 
which name was also given to the new cemetery. The 
grounds were dedicated Oct. 15, 1829, and the gates, 
above which “D. O. M.” — Deo Optimo Maximo — is 
inscribed, were opened. It is a walled inclosure and 
contains a mortuary chapel, built somewhat on the 
lines of a classic temple, beneath which a dark cham- 
ber was constructed where, in those early days, an 
armed night watchman stood guard, attended by fierce 
Cuban bloodhounds, — a necessary precaution against 
the then prevailing custom of grave robbery for scien- 
tific purposes, there being no legal means for the 
medical profession to secure such material. The Cath- 
olic Association decreed that any profits arising from 
churchyard fees should be applied to the education of 
the people, and early in the year 1831 the sum of £100 
was allotted for the completion of the Christian Broth- 
ers’ Schools, popularly known as “O’Connell’s 
Schools.” 
When this cemetery was closed, in 1868 or ’69, to all 
except those who owned plots or had relatives buried 
there, it is described as being a grassy, tastefully laid 
out, well-kept, well-drained inclosure, containing many 
trees and shrubs, and as being in an attractive and sani- 
tary condition. There were 26,265 interments up to 
January 31, 1868, the average of annual interments 
during later years being about 300; and there re- 
mained what was said to be room for “some thou- 
sands of graves.” It is the custom to bury two or 
more bodies in the graves of the Dublin cemeteries. 
LOOKING NORTH ALONG THE DRIVE IN GLASNEVIN CEMETERY. 
