112 
PARK AND CEME-TERY 
Kentucky coffee tree is fair. Its crown becomes 
rather thin with age. 
If one tree were to be selected for general com- 
mendation as having proven itself to be distinctively 
above all others as the best street tree for the north- 
ern states of eastern North America, we believe it 
should be the American elm. 
In the above remarks the pines and hemlocks 
have been entirely omitted for the reason that in the 
northern cities the density of population and conse- 
quently the abundant residue of coal and other gases 
settling on evergreen foliage cause their death at an 
early period. In addition the continuous shade of 
evergreen trees is objectionable. During the cold, 
wintry days light and sunshine are desirable. Pines in 
such isolation as would be when planted in rows on 
streets would 1)e disfigured by the breakage conse- 
quent upon heavy gales sweeping over ice or snow 
laden limbs extended out into the air currents in 
streets. On paved streets it would be difficult to suc- 
cessfully cultivate pines and hemlocks and on un- 
paved streets the prolongation of slush, mud and ice 
or snow drifts which they assist or cause is sufficient to 
warrant their substitution. In the southern states these 
trees are competitors with sorts having a sum total of 
more virtues and fewer demerits and as a last resort 
the red cedar would in most instances be found to be 
preferable. 
The shade of evergreens appears to have an un- 
favorable influence upon streets constructed with 
poor or sandy gravel in that the surface of the road 
does not become as hard as would otherwise obtain. 
Emil T. Mische. 
' ■' ■ 
IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS 
CONDUCTED BY 
FRANCES COPLEY SEAVEY. 
MEMORIALS. 
Members of improvement associations should be 
interested in the accompanying illustrations showing 
some results of a branch of improvement work which, 
though worthy, has received little attention. 
There is room for a large amount of it, and, when 
judiciously undertaken, probably no other form of 
effort will receive heartier support either from mem- 
bers of societies taking it in hand, or from the best 
class of residents in the interested locality. 
Such work may appeal to a worthy sentiment, as 
in the case of the monument to the extinct race of 
Indians who once in habited the very grounds now 
owned and cared for by the Laurel Hill Association ; 
it may commemorate an historic event, as does the 
stone work built at Bryan’s Spring, Kentucky, by the 
Daughters of the Revolution, in memory of the noble 
pioneer women of that state. The block-house, on the 
same site as that that now occupied by the house 
shown, was surrounded by hostile Indians intending to 
HISTORIC SPRING AND HOUSE AT BRYAN, KY. 
The house is the site of the fort from which the women went to the spring 
while surrounded by hostile Indians. Improved by the Ken- 
tucky Daughters of the Revolution. 
attack it, and the women bravely filed down to the 
spring with their pails after the usual supply of fresh 
water, in apparent unconsciousness of their hidden 
foes, and thus, at the risk of their lives, secured the 
necessity without which the little garrison could not 
hope to withstand the siege while waiting for succor. 
Or it may take the form of an individual memorial, as 
MONUMENT TO THE STOCKBRIDGE INDIANS. 
Erected by the Laurel Hill Improvement Association, Stockbridge, Mass. 
