179 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
and streets. These ocular demonstrations, even more 
than words, encourage the members to renewed efforts, 
and the next spring the monuments of the first year’s 
failures are removed, suitable trees are planted at 
proper and uniform distance apart, in one or more 
streets, houses and fences are painted, vines set to 
cover verandas and porches, the young people start 
flower-beds and window-boxes, and the summer brings 
joy to all who have engaged in beautifying that village 
or neighborhood. All the inhabitants now become in- 
terested in the good work, other improvement associa- 
tions are organized, if the village or city is large 
enough to require them, then soon comes a popular 
demand for parks and parkways, a bill is introduced 
and passed in the State Legislature creating a board 
of Park Commissioners and from the small seed sown 
by the Improvement Association, a bountiful harvest 
is reaped. 
This brief portrayal of what an improvement asso- 
cition can accomplish along one line in a short time but 
faintly pictures the benefits that may accrue during a 
longer interval and in widely different directions. Its 
influence will gradually be felt in fields apparently out- 
side of its well defined struggle for municipal art, so 
true is it that when the individual strives earnestly and 
unselfishly for the benefit of humanity, not only are his 
desires eventually attained, but, added thereunto, is 
the flow of an ever increasing tide of pure resolve and 
high achievement. 
TREE MOVING— II. 
The most common method of tree moving is to dig 
the tree with a ball of earth from six to eight or nine 
feet in diameter and to cut off all roots extending be- 
yond the outer limits of this ball. In some localities the 
method is quite successful. In others again it is un- 
successful. Guarantees that the tree will live for two 
years after moving are sometimes included in the 
contract, but in some localities the method pursued 
renders the contract practically valueless in so far as 
it implies that the continued thrift of a tree will ensue 
if it lives two years. Unless the subsequent care is 
greatly neglected or ignorantly administered, there 
are few trees which, if large and thrifty at the time of 
moving and moved with ordinary care, will die within 
two years. The reserve food stored in its body will 
usually tide it over a period of that length. 
Guarantees are usually qualified by specified condi- 
tions under which it would not be legally incumbent 
upon a contractor to replace a dead tree. Properly 
phrased, they may be made to bind the contractor to 
sustain losses caused by accident, bad workmanship, 
method or neglect of himself or his employees. 
Experience may develop one’s perception to the ex- 
tent of determining at a glance the size of a ball a 
given sized tree requires to insure success in moving. 
Reliance is placed upon a fine distinguishment of baU 
ance between stem and leaf growth on the one hand 
and the amount and sort of roots a given ball must con- 
tain to support the tree. 
Sandy soil assists a rapid formation of new rootlets,, 
and a tree moved in it would more readily adjust itself 
to new surroundings than if the soil were stiff and 
heavy. 
Removing entire or parts of the roots to an unduly 
severe extent will occasion a check in the vitality of 
the tree. It should be the policy to endeavor to lessen 
TREE LOADED ON A MOVER. 
such a check rather than to test the limit which may 
be inflicted without causing death to the tree. 
During transportation trees should have their roots 
protected from sun, frost and wind. Unless the trunk 
and branches are lowered so that overhead wires, 
limbs, etc., do not interfere while the tree is being con- 
veyed through the streets of a city, the ball should be 
at the forward end of the vehicle. Chafing of limbs 
and scraping or bruising of roots should be carefully 
avoided. If during the transportation the body of 
otherwise tenacious soil tends to become loosened from 
among the roots the entire ball may be wrapped and 
tied by burlap and cord. Spring wagons being imprac- 
ticable, it is advisable that the wagon be hauled at a 
low rate of speed to prevent undue jogging and con- 
sequent breaking of the earth ball or straining the 
roots. If the soil is saturated with a moderate degree 
of moisture it will help to keep the ball intact. 
Following its moving a tree may indicate a weak- 
ened vitality. This may appear as slight and continue 
until the tree finally succumbs. An arrest of growth 
may result from unhealthfulness as well as a lack of 
vigor. 
Moving a tree almost certainly involves a certain in- 
jury to its roots. That injury would likely reduce 
