10 
PARK AND C EM ETER Y. 
years and have given the best of satis- 
faction. The cost of this class of pave- 
ment averages about $1.35 per square yard, 
with the limestone costing $1.50 f. o. b. 
the job, Tarvia 10 cents a gallon, labor 
$2.00 a day of 8 hours and teams $4.00 
a day for 8 hours. 
The increased amount of travel on the 
boulevards during the past four years has 
caused an increase in the width of the 
boulevards. The standard boulevards are 
now being constructed 50 feet wide be- 
tween the curbs, thus making 46 feet of 
pavement between the gutters. Also with 
the use of the bituminous surface the 
crown has been decreased to less than 
one-half inch to the foot. 
In 1911 the specifications for the con- 
struction of boulevard pavements was en- 
larged upon so as to include the pene- 
tration method of constructing bituminous 
pavements by the use of asphalt products, 
'fhese specifications provide for three 
courses of rock similar to the construc- 
tion of the Tarvia road above given. But 
the treatment of the top course is the 
important change in the specification. The 
following specification for the asphalt bind- 
er is used : 
ASPHALTIC CEMENT, 
The asphaltic cement, considered apart from any 
mineral matter which it may contain, shall con- 
form to the following analysis: 
(11 It shall he free from water or decom- 
position products. 
(2) The various ^/drocarbons composing it shall 
Ite present in liomogeneons solution, no o:ly or 
granular constituent being present. 
(3) It must be of such consistency that at a 
temperature of 25° C. a No. 2 needle, weighted 
with 100 grams, will not in five seconds penetrate 
more than twelve, and less than eight and one-half 
millimeters. The No. 2 needle referred to is a com- 
mon sewing needle about one millimeter in diametor 
and tapering uniformly to a sharp point for one 
centimeter of its length. 
(4) When fifty grams of the material are main- 
tained at a uniform temperature of 103° C. for 
five hours in an open cylindrical tin dish five and 
one-half centimeters in diameter, with vertical 
sides measuring approximately three and one-half 
centimeters in depth, the loss in weight shall not 
exceed two per cent of the original weight of the 
sample. 
The penetration of the residue, when tested as 
described in danse (3) with a No. 2 needle under 
a load of 100 grams, for five seconds at 25° C. 
shall he not le.ss than one-half the penetration of 
the original material tested under the same condi- 
tions. 
(5) It shall be soluble in chemically pure car- 
licn disulphide (CS2) at air temperature to the 
extent of at least ninety-nine and one-half per 
cent. 
(6) It shall be soluble in SG° to 88° Baume 
parattin naptha, of which at least 85 per cent dis- 
tills between 35° and 05° C. to the extent of not 
less than 75 per cent nor more than 85 per cent of 
its bitiuiien as determined by clause (5). 
(7) Its solubility in carbon tetrachloride shall 
not be more than one per cent less Than its solu- 
bility in carbon disulphide — both tests being made 
at air temperature. 
(S) It shall show of fixed carbon not more than 
fifteen per cent. 
(0) It shall show a flashing point (New York 
State Closed Oil Tester) of more than 205° C. 
(10) Its viscosity at a temperature of 0° C. 
shall be not less than 0.15 grams. Viscosity of 
asphaltic cement by the terms of this contract 
shall mean the number of grains of asphallic 
cement that will, in four hours, be forced through a 
circular orifice one centimeter in diameter, by a 
pressure equal to that exerted by a column of 
mercury 150 centimeters high. The asphaltic ce- 
ment during this test shall be contained in an iron 
cylinder 42 millimeters in diameter and 100 milli- 
meters high, and the thickness of the plate through 
which the orifice is made shall not be more than 
two millimeters. 
(11) Its ductility, at a temperature of 25° C., 
shall be not less than 20 centimeters or more than 
75 centimeters. Ductility, by the terms of this 
contract, shall be understood to mean the distance 
in centimeters that a cylinder of asphaltic cement, 
one centimeter in diameter, can be drawn out at 
the rate of one centimeter per minute. The draw- 
ing out shall be accomplished by means of two 
similar clips, cylindrical in form, of inside diameter 
of about three centimeters, open at one end. and 
having a concentric orifice one centimeter in di- 
ameter through a circular plate, not more than 0.5 
millimeters thick and covering the other end. To 
make a determination, one of the clips is placed on 
a sinootli surface with the open end down. The 
other clip is then placed on top of the first with 
the open end up so that the one-centimeter orifices 
coincide. The hot asphaltic cement is poured into 
the top one slowly so as to fill both clips com- 
pletely. The t'anperatiire of the asphaltic cement 
is then adjusted to the temperature of 25° C., and 
the clips pulled apart at the rate of one centimeter 
per minute. 
Samples of the asphaltic cement shall be supplied 
to the Board of Park Commissioners in suitable tin 
boxes or cans, and the Contractor, when required, 
shall give to said Board a written statement of 
the date and geographical source of the asphaltic 
cement and a complete detailed analysis of same. 
Into the top course not less than 2J4 
gallons of asphaltic cement at a temperature 
of 350° Fahrenheit, is poured, requiring' 
two operations. The first pouring con- 
sisted of 2 gallons per square yard and 
over this was cast limestone grit of to 
54 inch in size. This is rolled with a 
7 ton tandem roller, after which the ex- 
cess grit and dust is swept off by means 
of hand brooms and the second application 
of Yi to 54 gallon per square yard of 
asphaltic cement is added. This asphalt 
is spread with rubber lipped squeegees of 
fibre brooms. Over this is cast the lime- 
stone grit and the surface again rolled. 
This class of pavement costs $1.45 a square 
yard, with asphaltic cement at $21.00 a 
ton f. o. b. the work, the rock and labor 
being the same as for the Tarvia specifi- 
cations. 
The equipment for applying the as- 
phaltic cement consists of two 500 gallon 
portable kettles and several hand pouring 
pots. This is a crude method of applica- 
tion, but with the squeegee makes a fairly 
uniform coating. One of the main essen- 
tials in constructing this class of pave- 
ment is the uniformity of distribution of 
the bitumen. 
From the results of the earlier pave- 
ments we learned the important lesson on 
drainage of the subgrade, for most of the 
failures of the water-bound macadam 
primarily started with poor drainage of 
the subgrade. Instead of draining only 
the wet places that appear in the sub- 
grade, our method is to lay two drains of 
4 inch un jointed, unglazed pipe near each 
gutter and 18 to 24 inches below the fin- 
ished surface of the pavement. This drain 
tile is laid to a uniform slope and is con- 
nected with the nearest catch basin or 
manhole. 
(To be concludeiL) 
NEW ENGLAND CEMETERY ASSOCIATION MEETING 
The annual meeting of the New England 
cemetery Association was held at the 
Quincy House, Boston, February 14. The 
meeting was called to order at 3 :30 o’clock 
by Vice-President John F. Peterson; the 
president, William Lord, was reported sick 
and unable to attend. 
1'he application of Charles M. Cole, of 
Bridgeport,. Conn., was received, and Mr. 
Cole was unanimously elected to become an 
active member of the association. 
President William Lord was unable to 
be at the meeting, but forwarded his report 
to the secretary. The report was accepted 
and placed on file. 
Secretary-Treasurer H. A. Derry, of 
Everett, Mass., presented his report for the 
year 1915, which was accepted and spread 
upon the records. 
The following officers were elected ; 
President — John F. Peterson, assistant 
superintendent, Mt. Auburn Cemetery, Cam- 
bridge, iMass. 
Vice-President — Daniel S. Thurber, su- 
perintendent, Swan Point Cemetery, Provi- 
dence, R. 1. 
Secretary-Treasurer — Horace A. Derry, 
superintendent, Glenwood Cemetery, Ever- 
ett, Mass. 
No invitations were received for the June 
outing, so it was left in the hands of the 
officers to arrange a place of meeting. 
Charles H. Eglee, of the Alberthaw Con- 
struction Co., of Boston, Mass., gave a 
lengthy talk on “Cement,” which was one 
of the most interesting talks the associa- 
tion has had the pleasure of hearing. 
Wilbur A. Rice read a paper on “Com- 
munity Mausoleums,” and was asked many 
questions on the subject. Votes of thanks 
were extended to the two speakers. 
The president appointed his committees 
for the year as follows : 
Membership Committee — Harold J. Chase, 
William J. McClintock, Leonard W. Ross. 
Auditing Committee — G. A. Appleton, 
Pearl J. Caldwell. 
Legislation Committee — J. M. Driscoll, E. 
W. Mitchell, G. W. Creesy. 
The meeting then adjourned to the ban- 
quet room for the usual dinner, at which 
twenty-nine were present. 
