PARK AND CEMETERY 
AND 
LANDSCAPE 
GARDENING 
PUBLISHED BY ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
R. J. HAIGHT. President 
H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and General Manager 
O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer 
SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2.00; two years, $3.50: three years, $5.00; five years, $8.00. Canada and other countries 
$2.50 a year. Single co^i^x, 25 cents. Published on the 15th of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the first of the month. 
APRIL, 1916 
EDITORIAL 
VOL. XXVI No. 2 
Parkways and Home Development 
The account of the boulevard building in the Kansas City park 
system, printed last month and this month, calls attention to some 
very significant and interesting facts in connection with parkway 
planning. In addition to the development of parks and local play- 
grounds, the boulevards have made possible residential districts 
of every character, consistently and properly connected with each 
other and the business district. They have distinctly encouraged 
uniform residential conditions in their proper places. If no other 
results had been obtained, then the expenditure which the com- 
munity has permitted has been more than justified in the resultant 
proper use of the lands for their several uses, in equalizing the 
values of residential lands throughout the city. The natural di- 
visions have been to a large extent due to the topographical con- 
ditions of the city. The lower river levels are used almost ex- 
clusively for steam transportation needs and with this the ware- 
house districts and the great industrial properties. In the develop- 
ment of plans for the parkways and boulevards many of these 
lower levels were acquired for parkway purposes, principally as 
means of comfortable communication along pleasant lines from 
business to residential districts and between the residential dis- 
tricts. The result at once, in the consistent development of the 
parkways and boulevards, was to establish a certainty of well- 
cared for public lands and public highways attractive enough to 
warrant good improvements whether of the cottage or of the fine 
home type, giving to each class an opportunity to secure for them- 
selves great areas of similar character and through all of this 
holding the general character of the improvements begun in a 
given region and conserving the home values of all kinds. There 
are today large areas along the boulevards of Kansas City of 
modest cottage homes, everyone of which reflects the character of 
the public improvement along which these homes are placed. No- 
where is there an indifferent private improvement or maintenance 
of private home places that does not respond immediately to the 
well-developed and well-cared for public boulevards, parkways 
and parks. 
Controlling Caterpillars on Catalpa Trees 
While our native species of catalpa are comparatively free 
from insect attack the Department of Agriculture advises owners 
of these trees to watch in the summer and even early fall for the 
appearance on them of large yellow and black caterpillars. If 
these feed voraciously on the leaves, they are in all likelihood the 
larvae of the catalpa sphinx, which commonly are the only ones 
which feed on catalpa foliage. Unless controlled when present in 
large numbers, these caterpillars may do considerable injury, 
sometimes completely stripping the leaves from an entire grove. 
This caterpillar may be looked for in any region where the 
catalpa grows. It has done damage in all the Coast States from 
New Jersey to Alabama, and has been noted in West Virginia, 
Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma 
and Texas. The caterpillar, however, ordinarily does not appear 
in one locality year after year. It may be unnoticed for several 
years and then suddenly will appear in large numbers and do con- 
siderable damage. 
The parent of this caterpillar is a large, grayish-brown hawk 
moth, with heavj' body and powerful wings measuring three inches 
from tip to tip. This moth commonly lays its eggs in masses, 
often of 1,000 eggs, on the under side of the leaves. Sometimes 
the eggs are laid in smaller masses on stems or branches. In the 
extreme South there are as many as three or four generations a 
year. The young caterpillars are lighter in color than the mature 
ones, being pale yellow, and have a stout, black horn near the hind 
end of the body. The prevailing colors of the older caterpillars 
are yellow and black, and there is a light form as well as a dark 
one. 
Farmers’ Bulletin No. 705, “The Catalpa Sphinx,’’ by L. O. 
Howard and F. H. Chittenden, from which this description is 
taken, suggests several means of controlling this pest. When only 
a few small trees are attacked the caterpillars can be picked off 
by hand, their large size making their detection easy. In the case 
of tall trees or where caterpillars are very abundant and are at- 
tacking entire groves, the entomologists recommend spraying with 
arsenicals, or better, with a combination of arsenicals and Bor- 
deau.x mixture. 
Progress in Forestry Work 
The annual report of the Forester of the Department of 
Agriculture comments on the Government ownership of water- 
power sites and timber as exemplified by the National Forest sys- 
tem. The report discusses in detail the work of the b'orest 
Service during the fiscal year ended June 30 last, showing a gen- 
eral increase in all forest activities except commercial timber sales. 
It predicts, however, a larger revenue from all sources for the 
fuscal year 1916, the general improvement in business coiulitions 
throughout the country having been already felt in tlie national 
forests, as shown by an increase during the first three months of 
about $119,OCO over the earnings of the same period last year. 
During the fiscal year the total revenues were $2,481, 469.35, an 
increase of $43,759.14 over 1914. Of the $5,662,094.13 [)rovided 
by the regular appropriation for the b'orest Service, says the 
report, $5,281.<'XX) was expended for protection, utilization and 
improvements, the cost of protection being increascfl by an ex- 
traordinarily severe fire season which necessitated emergency ex- 
penditures that were partly provided for by a deficiency appro- 
[)riation of $349,243. An additional sum of about $196,000 was 
spent under the law which permits 10 per cent of the forest 
receipts to be employed in road development for the puldic benefit. 
The expenditures include the protection of resources which as 
yet cannot be made to bring in cash returns, suelt as inaccessible 
tim1)er, as well as those, such as watershed covering and recrea- 
tional advantages, which yield great general benelits, not, how- 
ever, measurable in money values. In this connection, the rei)ort 
mentions that timber given free to settlers and others was worth 
more than $206,C(X), while that Sf)ld under the law at cost was 
worth $,33,(]L0 more than the Government got for it. The revenue 
also foregone by allowing free use of certain grazing lands is 
estimatcfl to exceed $120.()fX), while a moderate charge for privi- 
leges that are free would bring in at least $1(K).()(X) more. .Ml 
this, says the I'orestcr, has never been entered on the credit side 
of the Forest .Service ledger. 
