PARK AND CEMETERY. 
43 
wearing course in the hopes of obtaining 
a stone sufficiently hard to withstand the 
abrasion of the heavy steel tired traffic. 
This granite, very dense and closely 
grained, was to inches in size. 
The old water-bound macadam was ex- 
cavated to 3 inches below the finished sur- 
face of the pavement. This was rolled, 
water sealed and allowed to dry out be- 
fore the granite was spread. This was 
again rolled and lYi gallons of hot as- 
phaltic cement was poured and granite 
chips of ^4 to M inch in size were cast 
over the surface. This was rolled, the 
excess chips swept off and the seal coat 
of Yz gallon per square yard was poured. 
More chips were added and re-rolled. 
After the job had been in progress a 
week the first work completed began to 
show signs of breaking up under traffic. 
The method was then changed by putting 
the granite top course down in two lay- 
ers and adding some limestone grit, caus- 
ing the granite to bond under the action 
of the roller. A layer of inches of 
granite was spread over the subgrade as 
previously prepared and into this was cast 
limestone grit and 2 gallons of asphaltic 
cement, more limestone grit used and this 
layer rolled. The top 1^4 inches of gran- 
ite was then placed, rolled and two addi- 
tional gallons of asphaltic cement used. 
Over this was cast the granite grit and 
rolled. After which the excess grit was 
swept off and the seal coat of 14 gallon 
was used. No more trouble was experi- 
enced with the surface cracking, but the 
first work done had to be completely re- 
moved and reconstructed according to this 
last method. The pavement gave very 
good satisfaction the rest of the season 
and until the hot weather of the next year 
when the asphaltic cement began to run 
or bleed. As soon as the bleeding started, 
limestone grit and binder from Y to lY 
inches was added from time to time in 
such quantities as to absorb the e.xcess as- 
phalt. This was rolled with a 10-ton roller 
longitudinally, which prevented waves from 
forming. The surface has now passed two 
seasons and is in very good condition. 
Another type of resurfacing was built 
Kditor P.\RK AND Cemetery : May I ask 
a question for your “.Asked and .Answered” 
column in Park and Ce.metery? What is 
done where a lot is over-endowed? We 
have recently had an unusual experience in 
being required to accept legacy far in ex- 
cess of the amount necessary to place a 
certain lot in perpetual care; we have $800 
when $200 would be sufficient to endow the 
lot. I would like to hear from some of our 
experienced brothers what they have done 
under similar circumstances. — J. H., Pa. 
Had your correspondent told us the size 
of the lot, its condition and character, 
on a park road which was formerly con- 
structed by the County Court. The road 
was originally constructed of 10 inches of 
crushed limestone in two courses, the first 
course being 6 inches thick and using 
crushed stone of 114 to 2^4 inches and 
the top course being 4 inches thick using 
about the same size stone. In the resur- 
facing, all loose material was swept from 
the surface with a rotary broom, after 
which the top crust was broken with a 
10 ton roller equipped with spikes. This 
was followed with a scarifier which thor- 
oughly loosened the surface for a depth 
of at least 6 inches. The large sized 
stones were harrowed to the top by the 
use of a heavily weighted “A” shaped har- 
row. The roadway was reshaped by the 
use of a common road grader and where 
necessary new stones added to bring the 
surface to an even gradient. After this 
had been thoroughly rolled with a 10 ton 
roller, 1 gallon of hot asphaltic cement 
was poured, limestone grit added and re- 
rolled. This construction gave a surface 
that has been highly satisfactory for the 
past three years and has not required any 
maintenance except a light application of 
011 once a year. This resurfacing work 
was done at a cost of about 30 cents per 
square yard. 
This method is impractical on the main 
travelled boulevards. The internal wear 
of the surface has ground the large stones 
into such small ones that no amount of 
harrowing will give a surface suitable for 
pouring. 
With the constant changes in roadway 
specifications have come changes in the oil- 
ing methods, for although the bituminous 
macadam surface makes a resisting pave- 
ment for auto travel, it is not absolutely 
dustless. The old gravity oil sprinkler has 
been replaced with a pressure distributor 
that gives a very even distribution of the 
oil and the amount of oil used can be 
controlled to a fractional part of a gallon. 
I'his pressure oiler was made in the Park 
Board shops and consists of a centrifugal 
pump attached to a steel oil tank mounted 
on the running gears of the former water 
sprinklers. This pump is driven by sprock- 
about the graves in the lot, etc., it would 
be an easy matter to answer his question ; 
as it is, we can answer only in a general 
way. An endowment of $200 means $8 a 
year, one of $800 means $32 a year. Now, 
how can we spend $32? That depends 
entirely on the lot and what is in it, and 
what the owner most prefers to have done 
there. If your correspondent lives any- 
where handy to Pittsburgh, and will drop 
in to see me, I will show to him anti ex- 
plain everything we do as regards entlowed 
lots. 
There are more entlowed lots in the .Al- 
ets and chains connected to a rearwheel. 
The pressure is controlled by a pressure 
valve which is worked by the operator who 
rides at the rear of the tank. The oil is 
distributed by means of one and one-half 
inch pipes constructed in the shape of a 
T. Three spray nozzles are connected with 
this pipe and have a sprinkling range 
covering 20 feet of the roadway. These 
nozzles are controlled by a combination of 
levers or a separate lever so that they may 
all be put into action or that one or more 
may be shut off. Limestone dust is still 
used over the fresh oil, but in very small 
amounts. In this method only one-half the 
roadway is oiled on the same day thereby 
allowing travel the use of the boulevard 
at all times. 
The average oiling is done at the rate 
of .07 gallon a square yard and at a cost 
of $.004 a square yard which includes the 
cost of the oil and the cost of the dust 
and also the labor of applying the same. 
The oil used is a Kansas residuum oil of 
19 degrees Baume gra'dty and costs 2Y 
cents a gallon loaded into the oil wagon. 
There is probably no form of engineer- 
ing work so constantly before the people 
as road building. That the ideal pave- 
ment must be durable, noiseless, easily 
cleaned, easily and cheaply maintained, 
have low tractive resistance, low original 
cost and an aesthetic surface are points 
that are absolutely without argument, but 
whether the bituminous macadam pave- 
ment now being used will fill the above 
requirements is still a debated question 
and one that time will be able to answer 
better than the engineers of today. 
But with the great development of motor 
transportation and the advent of the large 
motor buses, the paving of the future 
boulevard assumes a place along side of 
the traffic way problem. That some hard- 
er surface is surely to follow this enor- 
mous increase of traffic is without ques- 
tion. Just what that surface will finally 
be is one of conjecture, but the improved 
method of treating and laying creosoted 
block is fast bringing this class of road 
surface to the place of fulfilling the re- 
quirements of the ideal pavement. 
( Concluded ) 
M ETE RY LOT 
legheny Cemetery than in any other ceme- 
tery in Pennsylvania, and we encourage 
endowments, and the lot owners who have 
endowed their lots are very well satisfied 
with the arrangement and its results. We 
will not enter into a set of specific details 
as to how a lot shall be kept and what shall 
be done in it : everything is in a general 
way and according to the amount of the 
interest of the endowment, never touch- 
ing the principal. .And we haven’t a bit of 
trouble. 
Our endowments on lots run from $100 
to $5,000, hut only a few at the latter fig- 
OVER-ENDOWMENT OF CE 
