146 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
nut- 
rose breasted grosbeaks and other beauties 
in this haven of refuge greeted us at 
every step. Bronzed grackles squeaked 
and gurgled about the pines, while a pair 
of mysterious cowbirds entertained us with 
their wiry squeals scarcely ten feet distant. 
Perhaps the total list might be of inter- 
est, for it was made within an hour as 
easily as if you had the same birds all in 
your front yard some morning. Nearly 
every one of these songsters mentioned can 
be found within a block of the main en- 
trance to the Forest Lawn bird sanctuary : 
Brown thrasher. 
House wren. 
Robin. 
Hairy woodpecker. 
Yellow warbler. 
Catbird. 
Field sparrow. 
Scarlet Tanager. 
Wilson thrush. 
Red-eyed vireo. 
Towhee. 
Mourning dove. 
Rose-breasted gros- 
beak. 
Cowbird. 
Bluejay. 
White-breasted 
hatch. 
Chipping sparrow. 
Red - headed wood- 
pecker. 
Chickadee. 
Kingbird. 
Song sparrow. 
Cardinal. 
Goldfinch. 
Baltimore oriole. 
Wood thrush. 
Bronzed grackle. 
Downy woodpecker. 
Orchard oriole. 
Indigo bunting. 
Bluebird. 
These birds were present mostly in very 
large numbers, and many of them busy in 
nest-building or caring for their young. 
Time did not permit the running down 
and identifying of several varieties of mi- 
grant warblers which were known to be 
present, nor the search of the outlying 
fields for such common birds as the mea- 
dow lark, the dickcissel and others which 
are seen to be missing from the list. But 
all were there, for their songs were heard. 
There is an added mystery and delight- 
fully sporty possibility ot seeing a Chi- 
nese pheasant within the confines of this 
sanctuary, too, for some years ago a cer- 
tain amateur ornithologist released a num- 
ber of these wondrously beautiful birds 
in the cemetery woods, and they are still 
occasionally seen. As a matter of fact, 
of the seventy-eight birds identified by the 
state ornithologists during their field day 
at the Fontenelle reserve on May 6, there 
is not a one but what might be identified 
at the Forest Lawn reserve — and that ex- 
ception is the solitary sandpiper. Forest 
Lawn is on the hills, far from the river, 
where water birds will seldom, if ever, be 
seen. 
Next winter several big feeding stations 
are to be erected in different parts of the 
cemetery, according to Mr. Mann, and the 
special officers guarding the sanctuary will 
be ordered to keep these stations well sup- 
plied with suet, cracked nuts, broken bread 
and the like. This movement, with the 
perfect protection both summer and win- 
ter, and the bird baths in the former, are 
certain to make this a paradise for bird 
students in all seasons. 
The bird baths at the Joslyn mausoleum 
and the benches are of Mt. Airy granite, 
the material of the Joslyn mausoleum just 
behind them. Mrs. Joslyn is also going to 
erect attractive homes for birds on her 
lot. 
Since the publication of the story in the 
JJ'orld-Hcrald a great many people have 
visited the cemetery with their glasses. The 
local Audubon Society proposes to have a 
dedicatory service at the new bird sanc- 
tuary at Forest Lawn. 
ASKED AND ANSWERED 
An exchange of experience on practical matters by our readers. You 
are invited to contribute questions and answers in this department 
Laying Out Small Village Cemetery. 
Editor Asked and .Answered : We are 
about to open a city cemetery and I would 
like to ask you if you could furnish any 
suggestions or plans for laying out a small 
cemetery for a village of 600 people. If 
you are unable to offer any suggestions in 
the matter, could you advise where we 
might get this information? — T. A. G., 111. 
We are sending you copies of Park and 
Cemetery, and if you will read it regularly 
you will find many practical matters per- 
taining to the organization and manage- 
ment of a cemetery. Of particular inter- 
est to you in starting a new cemetery 
would be the series of articles on the com- 
plete development of a modern cemetery 
that ran in Park .\nd Cemetery from Jan- 
uary to October, 1915. We are sending 
you a copy of the January issue, contain- 
ing the first article in this series, and if 
you should desire to get the complete 
series, we could send them to you. 
Before you start work on developing 
your cemetery you should have a plan for 
its layout and development by an expert 
cemetery landscape architect. The cost of 
this plan will be more than repaid in the 
profit that will accrue to you in the proper 
layout of your ground. Any one of the 
landscape architects advertising this serv- 
ice in Park and Cemetery could give you 
good service in planning and developing 
your grounds. 
Calcium Chloride for Roads. 
[From Proceedings of Ohio Cemeterg Con- 
vention.) 
I should like to ask how many members 
of this association have used calcium 
chloride on your grounds and on your 
roads, and what success have you had 
with it? 
Mr. Glass : We have used calcium chlor- 
ide on some of our streets down there and 
got good results. The only thing I have 
against it, it holds the ice so much longer. 
Mr. Cline : I use it to take away the ice. 
Mr. Glass : We started with our main 
avenue and went around three or four 
squares with calcium chloride, and that 
held the ice for a week longer than on the 
other avenues. 
Mr. Cline: Now, there might be a dif- 
ferent situation, there might be a differ- 
ence in the atmosphere. We had a heavy 
ice storm, everything was covered with ice ; 
it was almost impossible for a horse to get 
around without being rough-shod, and I 
had one drum of calcium chloride left 
from last summer’s use, and I put it in 
front of the chapel and the office, a very 
steep grade, about a 4 per cent grade there 
— and it ate the ice all off. 
Mr. Crain: We have used calcium 
chloride two years now on three short 
roads. Two of them are very hilly, where 
they always wash, and the other one is on 
the level. I haven’t used any this year be- 
cause hard times have affected cemeteries, 
too. And I found out that these roads 
where I used calcium chloride were not 
disturbed with weeds like the others, and 
we don’t have a bit of dust. In the morn- 
ing it looks like you sprinkled the road the 
night before, and the roads don’t wear. 
They are bound nicely and just the oppo- 
site to what the brother here mentioned. 
I found that my roads with the calcium 
chloride on are the first to give up the 
frost. They are the first roads we have to 
go back to normal. 
Mr. Glass: We have a calcium chloride 
man with us. I would like to ask him why 
they use it in ice plants. 
H. R. Drackett, Cincinnati, Ohio : Mr. 
Chairman, I am not the one to speak to 
this post-graduate course on calcium 
chloride for roads, as I think there are a 
great many “professors” here who know 
more of the subject than I do. We use 
calcium chloride in ice and refrigerating 
plants, not for the reason that it will pro- 
duce ice and retain cold, but because we 
must have some medium that will transfer 
the heat, or the reverse, the cold from the 
refrigerating medium, to the water that we 
want to freeze. To do this, we must have 
some liquid that will not freeze at or- 
dinary temperatures, and therefore we 
make a calcium chloride solution which can 
be made strong enough to retain its liquid 
form at a temperature as low as SO degrees 
below zero. In ice plants we made a cal- 
cium chloride solution that will not freeze 
until it reaches 6 to 10 degrees below zero. 
I do not know why Mr. Glass should have 
had the experience he mentions, and, in 
fact, I should say that quite the opposite 
should be expected. As Mr. Cline states, 
if calcium chloride is sprinkled on ice, the 
action has the same effect as with ordinary 
salt, and the solid ice commences to liquify 
immediately the two are brought together. 
On roads that have been treated with cal- 
cium chloride you will not only find the sur- 
face softer, but they will not heave in the 
winter. In some of our northern counties 
the severe winter conditions cause much 
trouble on account of the tendency of the 
moisture in the ground to freeze and 
