170 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
TREES FOR ADVERSE CITY CONDITIONS 
From a Report on a Street Tree System for New York 
City, by L.D.Cox, of New Y ork State College of Forestry. 
While the failure and death of trees 
upon Manhattan streets is very often due 
to unsuitable growing conditions which may 
be remedied by proper attention and care, 
experience of other cities, the following 
list has been prepared. This list com- 
prises only those trees which can be 
grown with a reasonable assurance of suc- 
such pruning, and is uninjured by it. This 
tree is to be used wherever a large tree is 
desired, as on wide streets and avenues, 
or can be used as noted as a formally 
THE PIN OAK AS A NEW YORK STREET TREE. 
Pin Oaks in New York City Streets planted in tree 
pits with gravel surface: soil should be frequently 
cultivated. 
THE LINDEN AS A CITY TREE. 
Silver Linden (Tilia tomentosa) planted in a small pit 
beneath sidewalk grating on a paved street. 
there are certain trees which even under 
the best conditions obtainable are fore- 
doomed to failure and should not be used. 
The number of trees suitable for street use 
in any city is small, and those which can 
be used in Manhattan with any reasonable 
expectation of success is still smaller. Un- 
der the most favorable conditions which 
exist in New York, such as on parkways 
or on streets and avenues having broad 
parkings, there is a fair range of choice; 
but in the main, the most satisfactory re- 
sults will be obtained by restricting our 
list of trees to six or seven species. 
After having considered carefully the 
city’s past experience with tree growth in 
its streets and parks, the peculiar factors 
which enter into local conditions, and the 
cess on the streets and avenues of Man- 
hattan. 
This list is arranged in order of quality 
considered in relation to the ability to suc- 
ceed under the local adverse conditions ; 
(1) Platanus orientalis (The Oriental 
or London Plane) ; also known as Button 
Ball or Sycamore. 
This tree is well known and already 
much used in this city. It is one of the 
hardiest and most adaptable of trees for 
use on city streets and possesses much 
beauty, especially in old age. It has very 
few enemies, is little subject to disease and 
is a rapid grower and long-lived. It nor- 
mally makes a large tree, so is not adapted 
for use in narrow streets unless kept back 
by severe pruning. It is well adapted for 
pruned, medium-sized tree for narrow 
streets. 
(2) Gingko biloba (The Maidenhair 
Tree) . 
This tree is extremely hardy and suc- 
ceeds in very poor soil, and is very free 
from insects and disease as well as being 
a tree of considerable beauty. Its chief 
fault is its slow rate of growth, but for 
street use where a small-sized tree is re- 
quired this defect is not serious. It is 
readily kept either round-headed or pyra- 
midal in form by pruning. This tree would 
be especially valuable for use in Manhat- 
tan on narrow streets or where a formally 
pruned tree is required. It is doubtful if 
any tree on our list will succeed, so well 
under adverse conditions as the Gingko. 
