178 
polyphyllus roseus and L. Moerheimi, and 
an excellent variety of the double Lychuis 
chalcedonica is Cripps var, which is not 
affected by the sun. 
No plants, and certainly none of a bul- 
bous character, have more devoted adher- 
ents than the Lilies, and though many new 
ones have been introduced during recent 
years, I do not suppose there are any so 
deserving of general cultivation as Mr. 
Wilson’s Chinese introductions. As these 
have been fully described in the press, I 
need not deal at length with them, but they 
cannot be too strongly recommended to 
those who desire good, hardy, vigorous- 
growing varieties. Henryi, leucanthemum, 
chloraster, Bakerianum and myriophyllum 
are additions to any flower border and 
succeed best in a good loamy soil with 
ample drainage. 
Another beautiful class of bulbs, second 
only to the Lilies- in importance, are 
Montbretias, and these, by hybridizing, 
have been greatly improved of late. They 
will probably not prove so hardy in New 
England as the older varieties such as 
crocosmiaeflora and Pottsii, but it is a 
very simple matter to lift them and store 
in a cool cellar for the winter. Such 
varieties as Hereward, Prometheus, King 
Edmund, Norvic, Westwick, Lady Hamil- 
ton, St. Botolph, George Davison and Lord 
Nelson all have flat, open flowers, measur- 
ing from three to four inches in diameter 
and are produced very freely on strong 
branching stems. I do not know of any 
plants, unless it is the Florists' Pentste- 
mons, which produce such a beautiful dis- 
play through the summer and autumn 
months. 
Monarda didyma is an old favorite in 
gardens, but it must give place now to a 
new variety with bright scarlet flowers 
named Cambridge Scarlet, which is dwarfer 
in habit but much more floriferous. Ori- 
ental Poppies are among the most gorgeous 
of May flowers, and who does not admire 
the gigantic blooms of Papaver Park- 
manni? A host of new sorts are now 
offered to us embracing a wide range of 
color, but I think the most desirable are 
Lady Roscoe, Marie Studholme, Mephis- 
topheles, Mrs. Perry, Jennie Mawson and 
jMargaret. These should not be planted 
near the front of the border, as their flow- 
ers, though gorgeous, are rather fleeting. 
A remarkable plant from Central Asia, 
very closely allied to the Campanula’s, 
which one seldom sees grown successfully, 
is strowskya magnifica, but it well repays 
any care bestowed upon it. This plant 
should be given a sheltered position under 
a warm wall in a well drained loamy soil, 
and on no account disturb the roots after it 
has once become established. The flowers 
are of great size and vary in color from 
blue to rose and pure white, and under 
favorable conditions the stems will grow 
six feet high. 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
Thalictrum depterocarpum is the most 
desirable of the family and is one of Mr. 
Wilson’s Chinese children. It has a pro- 
fusion of rich rose flowers on slender 
stems five feet high and very elegant 
foliage. 
Tritomas, or ICniphofia, are not hardy 
enough to withstand our New England 
winters unless amply protected, and I be- 
lieve the best results are obtained by lift- 
ing and potting, unless one has a sheltered 
position in which to plant them. On the 
other side they are largely used and make 
most effective beds in well drained loam. 
They are so distinct and gorgeous in color- 
ing that any extra trouble is well bestowed 
on them. A considerable variety of species 
and hybrids are now obtainable and I can 
strongly recommend Nelsonii and Maca- 
wani, two very dwarf free flowering plants. 
Triumph, the largest variety yet raised; 
multiflora. Meteor, Chloris, Ideal and 
Corallina. The colors vary from the palest 
yellow to the richest scarlet and they pre- 
sent an imposing and beautiful appearance 
in the fall garden. 
The most useful of all herbaceous plants 
for producing fine autumnal effects are 
undoubtedly Asters or Michaelmas Daisies, 
and to some who are acquainted with the 
many wild species which beautify our New 
England woodlands it may seem unneces- 
sary to draw attention to them, but during 
the last ten years a great deal has been 
done by cross fertilization and selection to 
produce varieties better suited for garden 
cultivation. The species to which the most 
notable additions have been added are 
Novi Belgi, Novae Angliae, Amellus, cor- 
difolius and Vimineus, but the best re- 
sults have been obtained by crossing Novi 
Belgi and Vimineus. These produce small 
flowers in great abundance on long pen- 
delous branches right from the ground and 
for border decoration or using in a cut 
state there is nothing to surpass them. 
Nearly all the varieties to which I shall 
refer have been imported into this coun- 
try and may be seen growing by anyone 
interested. Their light and graceful habit 
makes them exclusively valuable as pot 
plants, and anyone who has a conservatory 
to embellish cannot do better than utilize 
the small flowered varieties for this pur- 
pose. The Novi Belgi varieties are now 
very numerous, but I shall only mention 
two which are in advance of all others, 
and these are Climax and Duchess of Al- 
bany. Both grow five feet high and the 
former has bright blue flowers with a 
conspicuously yellow center and the latter 
is pale mauve flowering from half way up 
the stem and not just at the end of the 
shoots, as is the case with many varieties. 
The best form of Novae Angliae is Mrs. 
J. F. Raynor, which is only four feet high 
and has bright reddish crimson flowers 
two inches across. 
Aster Amellus is a species with large. 
rich, blue flowers and grows about two 
feet high. It is very useful for many pur- 
poses, especially where masses of color are 
desired, and it is only within recent years 
that any new colors have been evolved. 
Pale lavender, deep rose and almost white 
forms will be found among such varieties 
as Aldenham, Herbert, J. Culbush, Lilacea, 
Distinction and Reverslea. Too much can- 
not be said in favor of the beautiful 
varieties which have resulted from cross- 
ing Vimineus and Novi Belgi, the best of 
which are Enchantress, Hon. Edith Gibbs, 
Golden Spray, Delight, Star Shower, 
Maidenhood, King Edward VII, Chastity 
and Ringdove. The habit of these is so 
beautiful that they are unsurpassed for 
growing on single stems and planting on 
the front of the border where they make 
perfect pyramids of bloom. Among the 
cordepolius group there are a number dis- 
tinguished by their delightful habit and 
delicacy of coloring, and Ideal and Edwin 
Beckett are general favorites with all who 
have grown them. 
A wonderful class of plants which should 
be represented in all gardens are the Ere- 
muri, and if single specimens are planted 
at various intervals along the border where 
their stately spikes can rise above the 
dwarfer subjects they present an imposing 
appearance unequalled by any spring flow- 
ering plants. Unlike the other plants I 
have mentioned, they should be planted 
early in the fall and the young growths 
will need slight protection from cold winds 
and frosts in early April. E. Elwesianus, 
which has pink flowers and its pure white 
variety albus will, when established, grow 
from eight to nine feet high with fully 
four feet of blossom. E. robustus is 
equally tall with rosy pink flowers, but E. 
Bungei does not exceed five feet and is 
very attractive, having golden yellow 
flowers. 
To retain the majority of herbaceous 
plants in a vigorous and healthy condition, 
it is necessary to occasionally divide and 
replant them and this applies especially to 
those which rely upon a mass of fibrous 
roots for support, such as Asters, Cam- 
panulas and Phlox, but such strong root- 
ing plants as Anemone Japonica and those 
with long roots and few fibrous ones will 
succeed for many years undisturbed if 
the soil is well prepared. 
I would strongly advise giving the 
border a covering of some material in the 
fall as soon as the stems have been re- 
moved, and for this purpose I prefer soil 
to anything else as it not only protects the 
crowns, but affords the roots new food for 
next season. 
Water, whether in the form of. ponds 
or streams, is a most valuable adjunct to 
all gardens, large or small, and no part of 
an estate can be made more attractive and 
beautiful than the aquatic garden if it is 
well arranged and the most suitable plants 
