PARK AND CEMETERY. 
305 
(a) Good, fertile top soil must be used 
about the roots. If the tree is to be 
planted in impoverished ground, good soil 
should be provided for it. 
(.b) Plant a tree just as deeply as it 
stood in the nursery row. This depth is 
very easily determined by the dirt line al- 
ways shown at the bottom of the trunk. 
Failure to plant in accordance with this 
rule probably results in the loss of more 
trees than from any other cause. 
(c) Before planting cut off all the broken 
or bruised parts of roots. 
(d) Be sure to press earth firmly about 
the roots, especially about the crown, so 
that every particle of the roots will be em- 
bedded in compact soil. 
(c) A tamping stick may be used to 
work the soil firmly about the roots. With 
small trees and plants the dirt will settle 
firmly, if the plant is gently lifted up and 
down when the hole is half filled, so that 
the dirt will work its way between the 
roots. Just before filling in all the dirt 
press it firmly. Be sure that the dirt is 
well compacted, excepting three or four 
inches at the top of the hole, which should 
be loosened b_\- occasional cultivation. 
(f) If buds have begun to swell at time 
of i)lanting or if the ground is dry, water- 
ing when the hole has been three-quarters 
filled will not only moisten the roots but 
help settle the soil firmly about them. 
Should drought ensue afterwards, occa- 
sional watering will be necessary until the 
tree becomes established ; watering is, how- 
ever, frequently overdone and death from 
this cause occurs to trees and plants almost 
as frequently as from neglect to water. 
(g) Trim broken or bruised branches, 
also two-thirds of the previous year's 
growth, because the roots in their disturbed 
condition cannot at the outset nourish as 
large a top growth as before they were 
disturbed by moving. 
(h) It is often best not to trim the 
leader or central stem, as a forked tree 
may result. 1 lardwood trees, like the oak 
and beech especially, should not have their 
central leader trimmed. 
(i) If the tree is large or in an especial- 
ly exposed place where winds may loosen 
it, support it with wires and provide some 
protection where the wires come in contact 
with the tree trunk. A piece of burlap 
with a few sticks are useful to prevent the 
wires chafing the tree where they come in 
contact with it. 
(j) .After planting, it is better to leave 
a cultivated area about the tree than to sod 
close to it. This cultivated area should be 
from three to five feet in diameter. 
(k) Fertilizer, in the form of stable 
manure or compost, may be used, but 
should not come in direct contact with the 
roots. -A mulch applied after the planting 
is usually the best wa\' to supply this fer- 
tilizer, as it then also acts to conserve the 
moisture. 
TRANSPLANTING HALF-GROWN TREES 
In Vertical Farming Magazine for No- 
vember, Mr. X. D. Rand gives the fol- 
lowing description of the methods em- 
ployed in transplanting half-grown maple 
trees : 
In -August, 53 trees were selected for 
transplanting. These ranged from 25 to 
30 feet in height, with a spread of 10 to 
12 feet. The best specimens were se- 
lected and a strip of white cloth tied 
around the tree for identification. In 
September, a trench was dug around 
each tree. This trench was about 18 
inches wide and 3 1-2 feet deep, and from 
2 1-2 feet to 3 feet from the tree, leaving 
a ball of earth 5 or 6 feet in diameter. 
As soon as the trench around each tree 
was completed it was packed tightly with 
straw and a couple of inches of earth 
thrown over the straw to hold it down. 
Care was e.xercised in cutting the roots 
to leave a clean, smooth wound to aid in 
callousing. 
The holes for the trees were then dug 
on each side of the avenue. These holes 
were made about 8 feet in diameter and 
4 feet deep and gave ample space to 
work around the ball of earth, and to 
fill with rich mellow soil for the develop- 
ment of root fibres. The center of each 
hole was drilled to a depth of 5 feet and 
fired with a charge of one stick of 20 
per cent Red Cross kkxtra. Twenty-si.x 
and a half pounds of dynamite were used 
with 53 No. 6 caps and 265 feet of fuse. 
The subsoil layer of hardpan averaged 
from 5 feet to 6 feet deep, and it was 
thought best to place the charge at the 
bottom of this and sufficiently heavy to 
break up the entire layer. 
In January, after the ground had froz- 
en to a depth of 3 feet, the straw was 
removefl from the trenches. A gin was 
constructed of three stout poles with a 
steel bar through the top. I’rom this 
bar hung two Ij^-ton chain hoists, as 
shown in the sketch. By means of stout 
poles, one end prying against one side of 
the ball of earth and the other fastened 
to tackle blocks, the ball was raised suffi- 
METHOI) OK REMOVING AND RE.SET- 
TING TREE. 
cicntly to pass a chain under. This oper- 
ation was repeated on the opposite side 
and the gin was then placed in position 
and each chain fastenetl to a chain hoist 
RIGHT OF CEMETERY 
A most luivel and e.xtraordinary law 
suit, involving the rights of cemetery 
Cfjmpanies to exhume and re-inter the 
dead, was recently tried in the courts of 
llamiltt)!! County, 'rennessec. J'he h'or- 
est Mills (A-metery, of that place, had 
sold to a purchaser the south half of a 
burial lot, in the west end of which a 
body was interred, sub.se(|uently the cem- 
etery comiiany sold the north half of the 
and three ropes secured about two-thirds 
up the tree to steady it. The tree was 
then raised until the bottom of frozen 
ball of earth was about a foot above the 
top of the ground. Three pieces of 4.x4 
were slipped under the tree and then a 
large stone Iioat was pulled under, rest- 
ing on the 4x4’s. The tree was then 
lowered to the stone boat and hauled to 
the desired location, being steadied on 
the way by the three guy ropes. 
Unloading was a very simple matter. 
The heavy 4.x4’s were placed over the 
hole and the stone boat drawn on until 
the tree was in the center. The tree was 
then pulled over to one side by the guy 
ropes and the stone boat drawn out, al- 
lowing the tree to rest on the heavy 
timlier. The horses were then fastened 
to the timbers and each one drawn out, 
which allowed the tree to slip into the 
hole. Before taking the tree out of the 
woocls, the south side was determined 
and the tree transplanted in the same 
relative position. 
The cost of moving the trees was ap- 
proximately $6.50 per tree, which did not 
include digging the trenches, digging the 
holes for the trees or blasting. Five men, 
a foreman and team of horses were em- 
ployed. For the digging the same fore- 
man and a crew of six Italians were em- 
ployed. 
TO REINTER BODIES, 
same lot to another purchaser and a 
body was interred in the western end of 
this half. Thereafter the purchaser of 
the south half .appeared at the ofiice of 
the cemetery company and claimed that 
her certificate of ownership was wrong, 
as she had bought the west half and not 
the siiuth h.alf and that the other body 
was buried on her lot. fhe cemetery 
company suggested that she see the own- 
