310 
We erected, about twenty years ago, a 
large spire monument in Green-Wood Cem- 
etery, the apex of which is covered with a 
bronze cone overlaid with gold-leaf. But 
this does not help the matter to which you 
refer, as the birds affect this just the same 
as though it were all granite. I do not 
know of anything you could use that would 
help it any, unless, perhaps, an aluminum 
cap might clean easier with the rain than 
the granite does. 
T.vyntor Gr.'vnite Co., I\c. 
New York, N. Y. 
No doubt, birds in all cemeteries are 
alike, and as they have carried on this 
habit in ours uninterruptedly, I really have 
no suggestions to make. Possibly covering 
the spire with aluminum or metal might 
prevent this trouble, as there are few birds 
that would be able to stand on a smooth 
surface, except the woodpecker, and I find 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
he is the most guilty. Some time ago a 
gentleman complained to me of this con- 
dition on his monument, and I told him I 
knew of no remedy, but that possibly a 
sign placed on the nearest tree might haye 
the desired effect. The wording of the 
sign I left to him. After due considera- 
tion he advised me to use the hose occa- 
sionally, and I know of no better method 
of keeping a monument clean. 
Regretting my inability to render you 
more effectual advice, I remain, 
Thos. Wallis. 
Chicago, 111. Supt., Rosehill Cemeteri". 
Cemetery for Negroes. 
Editor Asked and Answered : I have in 
view the laying out of a cemetery for col- 
ored exclusive!}' in a city having 5,000 
negroes. In your opinion, is this colored 
population too small for successful devel- 
opment? I would have the field all to my- 
self, there being no other colored cemetery 
in the city to which I refer. Also I should 
not plan perpetual care or great, expensive 
frills. Have you an idea what lots should 
sell for as a minimum to colored, and 
do you think the population is large 
enough for a small, inexpensive ceme- 
tery project? — B. H. C. 
We should think that a population of 
5,000 negroes would be plenty to furnish 
patronage for a cemetery. There are 
many towns of smaller total population 
than this that have cemeteries. 
As to the price you should get for the 
lots, nobody could give you any advice on 
this subject without a study of the local 
conditions. Should advise you to take up 
the matter with a good cemetery planner 
and get a report, plan and advice on your 
your proposition. 
HARDY ORNAMENTAL FRUITING TREES and SHRUBS 
.-Iddrcss by John Dunbar, Assistant Superintendent of Parks, 
Rochester. N. Y., before the Rochester Florists’ Association. 
One of the interesting features of the 
flower show, held by the Rochester Flor- 
ists' Association, w'as the exhibit of hardy 
ornamental fruits contributed by the Board 
of Park Commissioners from the city park 
system. The fruits of ninety species and 
varieties of hardy trees and shrubs were 
shown. Considering the lateness of the 
season, when the light frosts had more or 
less occurred, to have this brilliant array of 
show}' fruits, with undimmed lustre, as an 
actual realization placed before us, was an 
important educational factor toward the 
beautifying features of private and public 
pleasure grounds. 
It, perhaps, is common experience in the 
planting of ornamental grounds, whether it 
be the small city yard, the large private 
estate, or public park areas, to think only 
of trees, shrubs and plants in their flower- 
ing and foliage aspects. Large numbers of 
people fail to observe the remarkable beauty 
of the fruits and berries of many trees and 
shrubs, unless their attention is specificall}' 
directed toward it. through an exhibition 
like the one referred to last November, or 
by calling direct attention to it when trees 
and shrubs are carrying their precious bur- 
dens. 
In this respect I am afraid our Japanese 
friends surpass us. They have a passionate 
love for the ornamental berries and fruits 
of hardy trees and shrubs. They use them 
extensively in the decoration of their homes 
and ornament their dining tables wdth them. 
The fruiting sprays of many beautiful 
shrubs are largely collected and readily sold 
in the public streets and markets of their 
cities. It is surprising how long the fruit- 
ing sprays of many shrubs and trees will 
remain without losing their lustre in liv- 
ing rooms, lasting much longer than cut 
flowers. 
An important feature in ornamental 
fruiting trees and shrulis is the food that 
some of them supply to birds. Of course, 
as the sa}'ing goes, “you can't have your 
cake and eat it, too.’’ If the birds eat the 
fruits we shall not have their beauty to 
enjoy. As a matter of fact, the most beau- 
tiful fruiting shrubs we have the birds wall 
not touch. The lovel}- Winterberry, our 
native deciduous Holly, -whose showy red 
fruits hang on all winter, the birds do not 
seem to care for. I have never seen birds 
eat the fruits of any of the Euonymuses, 
or the American or Japanese Bittersweets. 
What surprises me is that birds will not 
eat the fruits of any of the Barberries. I 
have never observed birds touch them. Of 
course, they have a strongly acid taste, but 
considering that they make a good jelly and 
excellent sauce, and I believe are nutritious, 
it is strange that birds will not eat them, 
because they hang on the bushes of man}" 
of the species throughout the winter, when 
food is scarce. I am sure they eat many 
fruits just as tart. For example, the Jap- 
anese Oleaster, Elaeganus longpipes ; robins 
and other birds devour the fruits greedily 
as soon as they are ripe, and they are just 
as strongly tart as the Barberries. 
The different Oleasters, Elaeagnus lon- 
gipes, E. angustifolia, E. argentea, E. parvi- 
folia, and E. umbellata have all showy, in- 
teresting fruits. E. longipes is the earliest 
to mature its fruits and they are usually 
ripe at the end of July. The closely re- 
lated Buffalo-berry, Shepherdia Canadensis, 
ripens its red berries in July and is quite 
common on the steep banks of the Genesee 
River. 
The Red-berried Elder, Sambucus pu- 
Iiens, with its handsome clusters of red 
fruits, is most attractive in midsummer. I 
do not think the birds eat its fruits, but of 
tlie Canadian Elderberry, Sambucus Cana- 
densis, which ripens in August and Sep- 
temlier, and whose immense black fruit 
clusters are very showy, the birds devour 
the fruits greedily. 
Some of the bush Honeysuckles are re- 
markably showy at the end of July and 
first of August, with their red and yellow- 
ish red fruits. Lonicera Tatarica and L. 
Ruprechtiana have showy fruits. The most 
lieautiful form in fruit is L. bella. This 
originated as a hybrid a good many years 
ago in the botanic gardens in St. Peters- 
burg, Russia. The branches bend under 
the burden of handsome currantlike red 
fruits in July. The showy fruits are so 
tempting that I have often been asked if 
they were fit to eat. A bush Honeysuckle, 
L. IMaackii, introduced lately from China, 
has beautiful showy red fruits that ripen 
late in the fall and hang on until the be- 
ginning of winter. 
The Dogwoods are nearly all important 
features in their showy fruits. The com- 
mon Red Osier Dogwood, Cornus stoloni- 
fera, produces its pretty wax 'white fruits 
from midsummer to fall. Cornus mascula, 
sometimes known under the name of Cor- 
nelian Cherry, ripens its large showy dark 
red fruits in August and September. It 
has the largest fruit of any Dogwood. 
Cornus alternifolius has attractive bluish 
fruits, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, in 
August. Cornus circinata displays showy 
whitish fruits, often tinged with blue, in 
August and September, and the red stalks 
on which they are supported add to their 
beaut}'. Cornus Purpusi and C. amomum, 
with their lax, drooping clusters of hand- 
some pruinose blue fruits make a most 
beautiful display in August and September. 
