352 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
bluegrass regions the Kentucky liluegrass 
is best on clay soils. On lighter soils use 
Canadian bluegrass; Rhode Island and 
creeping bent; sheep, red and hard fescues. 
.\.s a last resort in difficult places use or- 
chard grass with plenty of other grasses. 
In any case, keep reseeding constantly and 
heavily. I'rom Washington, D. C., to 
Texas, outside of the bluegrass region, use 
Bermuda grass. In California, from San 
Francisco southward, use Pacific rye grass 
or Bermuda grass on the lighter soils. 
Trucks and Trailers For Cemetery IFork 
Readers of P.\kk .\nd Cemetery will re- 
call the interesting account of a cemetery's 
experience with motor trucks, presented by 
Edward G. Carter, superintendent of Oak 
W'^oods Cemetery, Chicago, in our issue of 
September last, and the accompanying illus- 
trations show the varied and useful adapta- 
tions of trailers Mr. Carter has adapted to 
the particular hauling problems of the cem- 
etery. 
Oak ^^'oods operates several types of 
trailers, using a two-wheeled dump cart of 
one-yard capacity for sand ; four-wheeled 
low platform wagon for many purposes, 
particularly for carrying soil in steel bas- 
kets ; a low-wheeled bo.x with high side 
racks for grass and litter — in fact all of 
the vehicles needed for the different cem- 
etery purposes. 
Where manure and litter are dumped 
they take the trailers in by motor over an 
ordinary dirt road, the same as used by out- 
side teams, and, removing the detachable 
side racks of the trailer, pitch the remain- 
ing contents to the side of the road. On 
the sand dump they use plank tracks, cov- 
ered with steel plates, and place these 
wherever they are making a fill. It is a 
matter of getting read\- more than anything 
else. 
Mr. Carter says ; “When we first began 
the use of trailers we took the old dump 
carts and equipped them, but they didn't 
last long ; but we were trying to get at the 
kind of vehicle we needed. W'e have an 
arrangement with a wagon works in our 
neighborhood now for special roller-bearing 
vehicles. 
“The trailer method has two principal ad- 
vantages — viz., the motor, w'hich is the ex- 
pensive part of the equipment, is kept in 
constant service, that is, it does not stand 
idle for loading and it will draw much 
heavier loads than it will carry. There are 
many incidental advantages developed in 
practice. It may be said in passing that 
the trailer method for general teaming ap- 
pears to be taking hold, as witness the fact 
that several concerns are now engaged in 
building special vehicles for the purpose, 
and loads handled in this way are daily 
seen on city streets. Our own cemetery 
has had nearly six years’ experience in this 
direction, having started the method in 
1911, and so far as we know was the first 
concern of any kind to adopt such a method 
of handling its general hauling.” 
Problems of Park and Cemetery Law 
I Hrhnrfuu'nt of Legal Advice and Lyiscussion on problems that confront 
parks and cemeteries. You are invited to ask questions which ivill be anszvered ^ 
by an attorney zvithout charge. .1. L. II. .Street, Consulting Attorney. 
Enjoining Disturbance of Graves 
When a tract of land has been perpetual- 
ly dedicated to use as a cemetery, an owner 
of a lot therein in which his ancestors are 
buried is entitled to enjoin removal of the 
graves or conveyance of the tract for secu- 
lar purposes. This is the gist of the con- 
clusion reached by Judge Bradford, of the 
United States District Court for the dis- 
trict of Delaware, in the recent case of 
Chew vs. First Presbyterian Church, of 
Wilmington, Del., 2,17 Federal Reporter, 
219. 
The suit rests on interesting historical 
facts, as well as affording practical inter- 
est on account of the legal phases in- 
volved. 
In 1737 the owner of a tract of land now 
in the heart of the city conveyed it to 
trustees of a local Presbyterian church and 
their successors, “for the use of a meeting 
house, burying ground and such other 
pious uses forever.” There b^ing no then 
existing laws for the incorporation of the 
society, it was unincorporated, but seven 
years later a law was enacted confirming ail 
such conveyances. .And in 1787 the church 
became incorporated by legislative sanction. 
Part of the ground was set apart for burial 
purposes and has been maintained as such 
ever since. .At least 1,000 interments have 
been made, but none within recent years, 
although the grounds have been kept up in 
good condition. In 1843 plaintiffs’ ancestor 
received a deed from the church for a lot 
and he and his descendants were buried 
in it. 
The present church society contemplating 
conveyance of part of the ground for use in 
the erection of a public library, and having 
commenced removing tombstones and dis- 
mantling the cemetery, plaintiffs brought an 
injunction suit, and the court has granted a 
temporary injunction, which although in 
form merely operative pending final hear- 
ing in the suit, is practically conclusive. 
"Language has been employed in some of 
the decisions touching the relations be- 
tween cemetery companies or religious so- 
cieties owning burying grounds, and per- 
sons holding burial lots therein, which if 
applied to this case would be palpably in- 
accurate and unsound,” says the opinion. 
“It has been said that such lot holders pos- 
sess only a mere license or privilege to use 
and maintain their lots during the con- 
tinuance of the cemetery or burial ground 
as such. But such a doctrine is wffioll}' 
inafpplicable to the relation between the 
corporation defendant and the holder of 
lots in its cemetenv They have much more 
than a mere license or privilege to use the 
lots appropriated or assigned to them. Were 
it otherwise, their right to continue in the 
possession of burial lots would be ' re- 
x'ocable and determinable at any time at the 
whim or pleasure of the corporation de- 
fendant.” 
Proceeding, the court adds that the per- 
