PARK AND CEMETERY. 
73 
r 
PATIO, SAN DIEGO EXPOSITION; TYPICAL OF THE PLANTING ON THE 
GROUNDS. 
among florists, has charge of the planting 
in connection with this exhibit. 
The principal approach to the exposition 
is through an improved portion of Balboa 
Park and across a seven-span concrete 
bridge of the cantilever type 1,000 feet long 
and 135 feet above the lagoon in the can- 
yon. Panoramic views of city and ocean 
are to he had here. Xo adequate idea of 
the beauty of flower and foliage that 
abound can be given in this limited space. 
In a clime where the potted plants of the 
conservatories of the East clamber over 
porches and pergolas the year round, where 
Araucaria excelsa towers to a height of 
fifty or more feet and majestic palms take 
the place of ordinary street trees, one may 
form some idea of what to expect in the 
way of flowering plants that grow on from 
rear to year. 
The patio or little garden seen in the 
illustration is typical of much of the plant- 
ing on the exposition grounds. These 
groups include several varieties of palms, 
Italian cypress, Casuarina, bamboo, Scotch 
broom, with smaller flowering plants in the 
margins. The beauty of the buildings as 
they rise out of their wealth of greenery 
is still further enhanced by flowering vines, 
such as Bourgainvilleas. Tecomas, Jas- 
mines, Clematis, Wistaria, Lonicera, roses, 
etc. The border planting along the arcades 
which connect all the main buildings is 
varied and interesting. The shiny leaves 
of the Coprosma formed an effective set- 
ting for the brilliant Poinsettias in mid- 
winter, did similar service for Watsonia 
and Bermuda lilies in April, and Gladiolus 
in May. Perennials in their season will 
follow all through the year. Grevillea 
Thielmania. a graceful shrub with feath- 
ery foliage and bright red flowers, is ef- 
fective with Acacia verticillata, Hakea. 
Watsonia, Ageratum, etc. Masses of Cher- 
okee roses, climbing nasturtiums, Ricinus 
sanguineus, and Mesembryanthemum give 
color to the canyons. In the Palm Jungle, 
true to name at least in one respect, there 
are palms of great size and in many va- 
rieties massed with so man}" varieties of 
uncommon plants that one wonders at the 
collection and the luxuriance of plant life 
in what was a jackrabbit corral of chapar- 
ral a few years ago. 
Many of the palms throughout the park 
weighed fifty tons or more and required 
road roller engines and cranes to trans- 
plant them. Incidentally this suggests some 
idea of the magnitude of the work that has 
been done and its attendant expense. 
The Botanical Building is a monster lath 
house on a framework of steel, with con- 
servatory adjoining. The choicest exotics 
are here and in the pools in front of the 
building aquatic plants in great variety 
make a pretty picture in the formal land- 
scape and an ideal abiding place for in- 
numerable goldfish that come to the sur- 
face to be fed. 
The $100,000 open-air organ and music 
pavilion presented to the city by J. D. and 
A. B. Spreckles adds its peculiar charm to 
the scene. Daily recitals are given by Dr. 
H. J. Stewart, an accomplished organist of 
national repute. It is an alluring place this, 
inspiring and restful to a degree never be- 
fore experienced at an exposition, because 
never before have the favorite Old World 
haunts of the globe-trotter been so charm- 
ingly reproduced. One feels that commer- 
cialism does not dominate everything, de- 
sirable as it is in its place. Architecturally 
and arboriculturally the exposition may 
well be called a gem whose influence w ill 
be far reaching throughout this great 
Southwestern country that is just coming 
into its own. R. J. Haight. 
San Diego, Cal. 
ORGANIZING and DEVELOPING a MODERN CEMETERY 
By Sid J. Hare and S. Herbert Hare, Landscape Architects, Kansas City Mo. 
V. The Road System. 
As in the case of a town or city, the first 
consideration in designing a cemetery is 
communication or circulation. The lots 
would be of little or no value without 
ready access. This should naturally fall 
into certain main arteries which will carry 
the bulk of traffic, with secondary roads to 
provide access to the remainder of the 
ground. 
The main roads will be determined by 
the logical sites for entrance, chapel and 
other features, as well as by the topog- 
raphy. Therefore, the point of entrance 
should be determined first. 
It is obvious that this should be located 
at a point convenient to most of the traf- 
fic, on the side toward the city or the main 
highway. In some cases, two or more en- 
trances are necessary, but each additional 
entrance adds difficulties in control and 
chances for confusion. Possible future en- 
trances should be carefully considered, as 
they will govern certain details in the en- 
tire road system, referred to later. 
As was mentioned in the chapter on se- 
lecting a site, the entrance should be so 
located that the greater portion of the 
land will be above it. Elevation is a com- 
parative matter, and the lowering of the 
entrance point elevates the ground in effect, 
and this, at least from the usual American 
viewpoint, makes it far more desirable. 
This idea may be partly due to the uncon- 
scious supposition that low ground is al- 
ways wet ground, and thus unsuited for 
burial purposes,' which, of course, is very 
far from being the universal case, as any 
geologist can testify. A valley may very 
often have the feeling of peace, quiet and 
seclusion so desirable in a cemetery, which 
is not obtainable on the more open hills. 
Perhaps no feature of the cemetery will 
attract so much attention or give so much 
chance for publicity as the entrance. This 
fact should be duly recognized in the care 
given to the design. The possibilities of 
making this an attractive architectural fea- 
ture and in harmony with the other neces- 
sary structures will be discussed later. The 
other buildings which are normally re- 
quired in a cemetery and which have to be 
served by the road system are office, super- 
intendent’s lodge, chapel and public receiv- 
ing vault. 
In some cases these buildings can all be 
grouped at the entrance, as units in the de- 
sign ; the office and lodge under one roof 
and the chapel and vault likewise. Again 
the chapel can often be made the feature 
of either a formal or informal development 
of roads, walks and flower beds in the 
vicinity of the entrance, or it can be set in- 
formally nearer the center of the grounds. 
In any case, the site should be determined 
at the time the road system is designed, as 
