PARK AND CEMETERY. 
reverse curves appear much sharper on the 
ground than in plan. In a general way the 
road system should develop into a series 
of loops, making easy returns to the en- 
trance, and for this reason all probable 
future entrance points should be consid- 
ered. Even on level land curving roads 
are more practical, more interesting and 
more beautiful than straight ones. 
In determining the width of roads it is 
probably safe to allow eight feet for each 
line of traffic. As even the secondary 
roads should have room for two vehicles 
to pass, a minimum width of sixteen feet 
can be adopted. Three lines of traffic, or 
twenty-four feet, is usually sufficient for 
even the main roads. In most cases a re- 
serve space of three to five feet should be 
provided between the paving and the lot 
lines. This can be partially utilized for 
planting or as a sod gutter. 
As a road of sixteen feet with the re- 
serve strip will occupy about three acres of 
land to each lineal mile, it can be seen that 
a great saving is made by an economical 
road system. 
In recording on the plat the approved 
road system, reference can be made to the 
permanent corners and cross section lines 
described in connection with the topo- 
graphical survey. Tangents, regular curves 
and irregular curves can all be definitely 
located in this way, so that they can at 
any time be relocated from the original 
property line and without intricate engi- 
neering processes. 
Road construction is a topic hardly worth 
discussion at any length in a series of ar- 
ticles such as this. Materials will vary in 
the different localities and methods will 
vary with the soil, climate and materials. 
A good road in a cemetery has no special 
requirements different from that for a 
park or extensive private place. The most 
universally used is, of course, the crushed 
stone or macadam construction, with some 
surface binding or treatment to make it as 
dustless and proof against wear and 
weather as possible. This subject is. a very 
large one, and the past ten years has seen 
quite a revolution in road construction. 
The next ten years may develop equally 
advanced methods. 
Grading is a subject which relates di- 
rectly to the road system and must be 
considered at the same time. Proposed 
changes in grade can be recorded either by 
contours of finished grade on the road 
plan, by elevations at sufficient intervals, 
or by sections and profiles. Grading is a 
/b 
matter of artistic judgment and very dif- 
ficult to describe by set rules. Who can 
say that the changing and modeling of the 
ground surface into beautiful and natural- 
istic forms is any less of a fine art than 
the work of the sculptor in marble. The 
materials and technique differ, the prin- 
ciples are the same. It might even be 
claimed that the work of the landscape 
architect is more difficult than that of the 
sculptor. He has to picture in his mind 
the result as it will appear in three dimen- 
sions, then record it in plans and draw- 
ings in such a way that others, sometimes 
under his direction, sometimes not, will 
produce the picture he saw. 
In a general way, the roads should be 
slightly depressed and the sections slightly 
crowned, but the slopes should not be too 
steep and should sweep easily into the sur- 
rounding topography. 
GENERAL PLAN, GLENWOOD CEMETERY, NORTH KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. 
Showing' a road system for an extensive, very hilly tract, the topographical survey of 
which was illustrated in the last article. 
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARBORISTS ORGANIZED 
The American Academy of Arborists was 
recently organized in a meeting at Xew 
^ ork to promote landscape and tree work 
and its literature on a high plane. The or- 
ganization was formed at the Zoological 
Park, Bronx, New York City, on January 
2, 1915. Its aim is to place and maintain 
the practical aboriculture and landscape 
forestry of the country on the highest pro- 
fessional basis. The charter members are : 
Hermann W. Merkel, Chief Forester, 
New York Zoological Park, Bronx, New 
York City. 
William W. Colton, Forest Commissioner, 
West Newton, Mass. 
Prof. J. W. Tourney, Director, Yale Uni- 
versity Forest School. 
J. J. Levison, Aboriculturist, Park De- 
partment. Brooklyn, X. Y. 
Harold J. Neal, City Forester, Worcester, 
Mass. 
R. B. Maxwell, City Forester, Baltimore. 
Md. 
George A. Cromie, City Forester, New 
Haven, Conn. 
James H. Walker, City Forester, New- 
ark, N. J. 
H. B. Filer, City Forester, Buffalo, N. Y. 
A. T. Hastings, Jr., City Forester, Jersey 
City, N. J. 
The officers elected are as follows : 
President — Hermann W. Merkel. 
Secretary— -J. J. Levison. 
Vice-Presidents — William W. Colton, R. 
B. Maxwell. 
Board of Directors— James H. Walker, 
George A. Cromie, Harold J. Neal. 
The following copy of the constitution 
and by-laws will give in detail the aims, 
purposes and methods of the organization : 
CONSTITUTION. 
Article 1. Name and Object. 
Section 1. The name of this Association shall bo 
the American Academy of Arborists. 
Sec. 2. The object of the Academy shall lie the 
advancement of agriculture and landscape forestry, 
and the maintenance of the highest professional 
standard among Its members. 
Article 2. — Members. 
Section 1. The members of this Association shall 
be designated as (a) Fellows, (b) Honorary Mein* 
hers. 
Sec. 2. A Fellow shall Ik* at the time of his ad- 
mission to memliershlp not less than twenty five 
(2T») years of age, and shall have been actively en- 
gaged In tin* practice of his profession for 10 years. 
Graduation from a school specializing in Aborleiil* 
ture or tin* arts and sciences closely connected with 
Arboriculture shall be accepted by the Academy and 
credited with a proportionate number of years of 
active practice. 
See. 3. An Honorary Member shall hi* a person of 
broadly acknowledged eminence in Arboriculture or 
landscape forestry, or one whose services to the 
objects of the Academy shall entitle him to this 
position. 
Sec. 4. Honorary Members shall not he entitled 
to a vote in the Academy. 
Article 3. — Meetings. 
Section 1. Regular meetings shall be annual 
meetings, and shall be held on the second Satur- 
day of January. 
Sec. 2. The place of meetings shall he decided 
by the Board of Directors. 
Sec. 3. Special meetings will be held upon the 
order of the Board of Directors or upon the written 
request of one-third of the Fellows. 
Sec. 4. At any meeting a quorum shall con- 
sist of not less than seven (7) Fellows. 
Article 4. — Officers. 
Section 1. Tile officers of this Academy shall he 
a President, two Vice-presidents, and a Secretary - 
Treasurer, and a Board of Directors. 
Sec. 2. The terms of all offices shall be for one 
(1) year. 
Sec. 3. The duties of the President. Vice-Presi- 
dents, Secretary-Treasurer shall be *those usually In- 
cumbent upon such officers. 
Sec. 4. The Board of Directors shall consist of 
tin* President (Chairman ex-offlelo), Vice-Presidents. 
Secretary-Treasurer, and three (3) Fellows of Hu* 
Academy chosen by the President. The Board shall 
manage and conduct all business of the Academy. 
See. o. The Board of Idreetors shall act ns a 
Committee on Publication, compiling and editing once 
