Ill 
that direction and having it reappear on the 
surface of the cave spring after a rainfall. 
The sink holes throughout this region were 
caused by the solvent power of carbonated 
rain water cutting out caverns, the roofs 
of which fell in making the series of ba- 
sins which add so much to the landscape 
beauty of the grounds. 
For many years the water of the lake 
filled the approach to the cave, but a few 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
The face of the quarry cliff has been 
covered with a variety of climbers such as 
wisteria, ampelopsis, honeysuckle, English 
ivy, trumpet vine, akebia, clematis, matri- 
mony vine, vitis, bittersweet, actinidia, 
Dutchman’s pipe, and euonymus. On the 
hillside above the rock is a plantation of 
shrubs, while at the foot of the cliff, and 
next to it, is a profusion of iris, larkspur, 
phlox, poppy and columbine. 
for the desired grass to receive its proper 
supply of food, or the improper application 
of moisture to the lawn during the growing 
season. A blue grass sward that has been 
properly established upon a well prepared 
soil containing a large percentage of clay 
will, if properly sown or sodded with pure, 
thick sod, be able to take care of itself to 
a great degree of ability and to resist the 
intrusion of the foreign grasses which may 
show a tendency to infest the lawn. A 
generous supply of nitrogenous matter and 
phosphorus substance are very essential in 
the preparation of lawn soils, as these two 
constituents of the soil provide most of the 
plant food for the permanent sward. They 
may be applied to established lawns in the 
form of well decomposed manure, prefer- 
ably guano or sheep manure and a scat- 
tering of finely ground bone-meal, the for- 
mer affording the required nitrogen and 
the latter the phosphorus, which through 
the action of the moisture in the soil be- 
come dissolved into a solution technically 
referred to as the "plant fluid,” which is 
taken up by the grass through the actions 
of the root system. The blue grass which 
is most commonly resorted to as the stand- 
ard lawn grass is one of the most drought- 
resisting of the' lawn grasses and one of 
the chief causes for poor lawns is the prac- 
tice of too constant Watering in the grow- 
ing season by artificial means. This is par- 
ticularly true during the hot months of the 
summer, when rains are fewer and of 
shorter duration. The practice of too much 
watering has a great tendency to encour- 
age the growth of the more succulent 
grasses, of which the fox grass is one of 
the more persistent and common to invade 
lawns, and if the blue grass is poorly es- 
tablished through lack of sufficient nutri- 
ment or prolific growth the foreign grasses 
easily find ample room for establishing 
themselves and, once established, spread 
with great rapidity at the sacrifice of the 
more desirable blue grass. 
Where areas in the lawn have become so 
infested with fox grass as to be almost 
void of the blue grass, the most economical 
and satisfactory remedy is to take up the 
sod of the infested area, prepare the soil 
and reseed or resod with good clean seed 
or sod. Avoid too frequent and spare wa- 
tering, but rather resort to occasional soak- 
ings after the ground has had an oppor- 
tunity to cool off to considerable extent in 
the evenings after the sun has gone down. 
One good soaking of the lawn during the 
night will prove far more efficacious 
towards producing a perfect lawn of blue 
grass free from the infestations of for- 
eign varieties than will frequent waterings 
applied during the day. In the hottest and 
dryest weather a good soaking of the 
ground every two or three weeks is suf- 
ficient in most localities. 
A. H. Helder, 
Landscape Architect. 
Kansas City, Mo. 
SUPERINTENDENT’S OFFICE AND CAVE 
LOUISVILLE, KY. 
years ago a fill was made, making it pos- 
sible to grade a lawn approach, the spring 
water being cared for through a drain. 
Almost opposite the cave, and across the 
lake from it, is the old quarry shown in 
the illustration. Originally an unsightly 
dump for waste earth, it has been trans- 
formed into one of the really beautiful 
nooks of the cemetery. Extending back 
into the hillside possibly 100 feet or more, 
the uneven face of the bare rocks at the 
rear presented a most uninviting picture. 
A spring, together with the usual seepage 
from the rock, made the bottom more or 
less inaccessible. The water was diverted 
into a drain and the bottom filled, graded 
and sodded. 
ASKED AND 
An exchange of experience on practical matters by our readers. You 
are invited to contribute questions and answers to this department 
Ridding Lawn of Fox Grass. 
Editor Asked and Answered : We have 
quite a large lawn which we are trying to 
get in shape, and fox grass has taken pos- 
session of about one-fourth of it and seems 
to be spreading over the lawn. Will you 
kindly advise what is the best method to 
be pursued in combating same? — G. C. Cem. 
Assn., Pa. 
The invasion of fox grass, or, as it is 
more often termed, fox-tail grass (Alopecu- 
rus pratensis), into lawns and extensive 
AT LEFT, CAVE HILL CEMETERY, 
Two beds of hydrangea, buddleia and 
hibiscus appear in the foreground, making 
a picture somewhat more attractive than 
originally appeared when the quarryman 
moved his derricks and ceased his blasting 
but a few years ago. 
The unusual character of these two at- 
tractive bits of landscape work are in har- 
mony with the rest of this section of the 
grounds. The broad surface of the lake 
interposes between them, its shores bor- 
dered with forest trees and clumps of or- 
namental shrubs, producing an ensemble 
which is not only pleasing to the artistic 
eye, but an example of the practical utiliza- 
tion of ordinarily unsightly features into 
the general plan of a rather large tract of 
land. 
ANSWERED 
greenswards receives its cause from sev- 
eral reasons. The selection of poor seed, 
the improper fertilization of the soil, the 
use of poor sod, where sodding is resorted 
to, and the improper care of the grass 
fluring its growing season. 
Where a lawn has already become es- 
tablished and the invasion of fox grass 
becomes apparent, the cause is usually 
found to be either due to sparsely estab- 
lished nature of the permanent lawn grass, 
the lack of sufficient nutriment in the soil 
