PARK AND CEMETERY. 
2 37 
HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. SAN FORMAL GARDEN. 
DIEGO EXPOSITION. 
PIOW BUILDINGS ARE PLACED TO BE 
SEEN IN PERSPECTIVE. 
sagebrush and low desert vegetation, it is 
hard to comprehend that this wonderful 
transformation was possible in such a short 
space of time. 
The photographs illustrate the Horticul- 
tural Building, with its interesting lath- 
covered construction; one of the formal 
gardens, the clever informal planting at 
base of buildings and bordering a lawn ; 
how the buildings are placed to be seen in 
perspective; natural planting surrounding 
the exposition, and the type of decorative 
lamp standard used on the grounds. 
L. P. Jensen, 
St. Louis, Mo. Landscape Architect. 
ORGANIZING and DEVELOPING a MODERN CEMETERY 
By Sid J. Hare and S. Herbert Hare, Landscape Architects, Kansas City, Mo. 
X. MANAGEMENT, MAINTENANCE AND REGULATIONS. 
With the completion of the construction 
work and physical development of a ceme- 
tery come the problems of selling, of main- 
tenance, and general administration. In 
some of the larger grounds these are by no 
means simple matters, and the proper con- 
duct of the affairs requires an efficient or- 
ganization of capable people. In a way, 
it might be compared to a large real estate 
development, where, in addition to the de- 
velopment and selling, the original pro- 
moter or owner is to retain a permanent 
interest in the land, and guarantee its up- 
keep forever, besides keeping a very com- 
plete set of records of everything which 
transpires on each lot for an indefinite 
term of years. 
Perhaps the most important factor in the 
development is the superintendent. The 
duties of this official will vary according to 
the extent of the grounds under his charge, 
the size of the community to be served, 
and the assistants he has at his command. 
In general, he has charge of the upkeep 
of the grounds, the conduct of funerals, 
selling lots, and the keeping of certain por- 
tions of the records. A really successful 
superintendent must have a combination of 
personal qualifications and technical knowl- 
edge, not so easily found. In the first 
place, on account of the people with whom 
he deals and the conditions under which 
he deals with them, he should be a man of 
tact, refinement, and sympathetic under- 
standing. He must be something of a 
salesman, and in addition have executive 
ability in directing subordinates and in 
planning work for the various seasons and 
weather conditions. Lastly, but not least, 
he must have knowledge in the fields of 
engineering and horticulture, for he will 
have to deal with road construction and 
maintenance, water supply, drainage, foun- 
dations, and masonary construction in gen- 
eral, as well as the planting and care of 
ornamental trees and shrubs, lawns, and 
perhaps greenhouse management. It truly 
is a varied field of knowledge. That he 
be proficient in landscape design or a land- 
scape architect cannot be expected any 
more than that he be an architect. Land- 
scape architecture is a profession in itself, 
requiring years of special preparation and 
training, and while a few capable landscape 
architects may drift into executive posi- 
tions such as park or cemetery manage- 
ment, the number will be comparatively 
small. Professional service in landscape 
design is easily obtainable, and it is more 
important that the superintendent be able 
to interpret and execute the plans and rec- 
ommendations of the landscape architect 
than that he be a designer. 
The interchange of ideas at meetings of 
the national, state or other organizations 
of cemetery superintendents has done much 
to develop a very efficient and broad- 
minded class of these men in our country, 
men who are doing a great work in the up- 
building of better cemeteries. 
Certain rules and regulations are essen- 
tial to the beauty and the success of ceme- 
teries. As was stated once before, the 
rights of the individual must be second- 
ary to the welfare of the majority. The 
principal features of the rules might be 
grouped under separate heads about as fol- 
lows : The general regulations would in- 
clude conditions as to the sale and trans- 
fer of lots or portions of lots, the re- 
strictions in regard to railings, fences, 
copings, seats, or other constructions other 
than monuments or head markers ; height 
of grave mounds, change in grade of lots, 
and, of course, provision should be made for 
barring advertisements of all kinds. Un- 
der the head of “Monuments and Head- 
markers’’ should be included the regula- 
tions as to the size or location of lots 
whereon monuments are permitted, the size 
and height of headmarkers allowed, and 
the materials and quality of construction 
required. Many cemeteries are limiting the 
materials to granite or bronze, marble be- 
ing barred. 1 here is a growing tendency 
toward restriction of the design of monu- 
ments and mausoleums, requiring the ap- 
proval of the superintendent or a special 
committee. Here, as in real estate devel- 
opment, it is found that restrictions are 
essential to the maintenance of a high 
standard, and pay in the end. All foun- 
dations should be put in by the cemetery 
employees to insure good work and proper 
depth. The subject, “Funerals and Inter- 
ments,” includes the notices and permits 
required, and such regulations as to the 
time and conduct of funerals as the local- 
ity permits, rules as to the receiving tomb, 
and requirements for admission. The con- 
duct of visitors, gathering of flowers, re- 
strictions against dogs, and speed limits 
for vehicles form another group. 
In no business are accurate accounts and 
records more important than in cemetery 
work. It is not only necessary to the proper 
conduct of the work to know accurately 
the costs of different forms of maintenance 
and improvements, but an absolute record 
of interments and of lot owners is essen- 
tial — in fact, a sacred trust in the hands of 
the cemetery company. Several forms of 
book and card records are in use in the 
different cemeteries, all of which have their 
advantages. 
Perpetual care — in other words, the es- 
