308 
thought perhaps there was 'a device for 
bracing ditches or graves. — C. H. Y., Ia. 
The only manufacturer of a grave 
brace we know of is A. H. Havard, 1210 
Stoughton street, Urbana, 111. 
Keeping Water in Artificial Lake. 
(Discussion at Ohio Cemetery Convention.) 
1 should like some information in re- 
gard to an artificial lake I am having 
trouble with. There is a leakage in it 
and I have not been able to overcome it. 
We expect to try to do something with 
it this summer, clean it out or make it 
deeper and find a better bottom for it. 
I thought there might be somebody here 
who could give us some information on it. 
Mr. Glass: We have had trouble with 
our artificial lake since the flood, and we 
have put a cement border all the way 
around to keep it from washing, and we 
figured that the roots of the trees might 
have broken it. We never had any 
trouble before and we think that the 
willow trees have affected the cement 
base, and we feel that if we can get that 
mucked again it will be all right. 
Carl E. Kern: Of course there are 
very complex questions that arise in re- 
gard to lakes, and the usual method and 
the oldest method of keeping water with- 
in your basins is by puddling it, puddling 
your clay in forming your basin. There 
are many other things that cause us to 
lose some of our waters, especially due 
to the works of animals. Among those, 
I wish to mention the muskrat. They 
are a very dangerous citizen to have 
around any kind of water, and their con- 
stant burrowing and digging will cause 
the most serious cave-ins, or you will 
lose a large percentage of the water and 
you don't know where it goes to. Now, 
in order to overcome that effect, the 
most simple way is to stone the edges of 
your lake, if you can get hold of flat 
stones, and prevent the muskrat from 
getting hold in your banks. Then an- 
other agent which causes a great deal of 
trouble is the crawfish or the land crab. 
No doubt you all know the crawfish, the 
little crab-like animal, capable of dig- 
FINE SCULP 
The memorial to former Governor Alt- 
geld of Illinois, recently unveiled in Lin- 
coln Park, Chicago, is a notable addition to 
the public works of monumental sculpture 
in that city. It deserves to rank as one of 
the four finest public sculptures in Chicago, 
the other three being Saint-Gaudens’ Lin- 
coln, in Lincoln Park; Mr. Mulligan’s 
“Miner and Child,” in Humboldt Park, and 
Mr. Taft’s “Fountain of the Great Lakes” 
on the Art Institute grounds. 
It is the work of Gutzon Borglum, of 
New York, and is different from the other 
public monuments in Chicago in that it is 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
ging through the most solid and hardest 
of clay, and in order to overcome this 
on the dams and banks, I have used 
sulphate of copper. Wherever the holes 
are dug in th£ surface just drop a little 
sulphate of copper and that is the end of 
Mr. Crawfish, and he will quit digging. 
So much for the lakes that happen to be 
puddled. Of course, in some instances 
we have to resort to the use of con- 
crete, although that is a very expensive 
proposition at times, and it involves a 
great deal of time and labor at all times. 
Nothing gives so pleasing an effect as 
when we confine ourselves to the exca- 
vation. 
Another matter I wish to mention is 
that it seems to me that one of the 
things that seriously detracts from the 
beauty of our waters is the growth of 
what is commonly called “skum” or 
algae. You no doubt know what I mean, 
and the sure cure for that is sulphate of 
copper or blue vitriol, in the proportion 
of 15 pounds of sulphate of copper to 
approximately a million gallons of water. 
So that it takes very little to destroy 
these low forms of plant life in the wa- 
ter and it will clear up again to its for- 
mer purity and beauty. 
Mr. Glass: In regard to lakes and 
keeping them clean, I want to say that 
I know of an artificial lake that is used 
for fire purposes, where they pump the 
water from the lake, and it got so that 
you could hardly see the water, and an 
insurance inspector came along and he 
told them if they would put a pair of 
swans in there he would guarantee that 
in three years there would be no moss 
there, and they put the swans in, and 
you can't see a particle of moss now. 
The President. What do you do to 
keep the swans in their proper place? 
Mr. Glass: We haven't had a particle 
of trouble. We don't do anything. We 
turned them loose in there six weeks ago 
and they have never been out. 
The President: Don't they make the 
shore look bad? 
Mr. Glass: No, sir. 
Air. Sloan: I would like to inquire if 
TURED PARK 
the first of the “intimate portrait” type, 
mounted on a low pedestal, so that the 
sculptured group is almost on a level with 
the observer. Few public monuments can 
stand inspection at such close range, and 
Mr. Borglum’s group is sculpturally ef- 
fective from every angle and at every dis- 
tance. Technically it is a masterpiece. It 
successfully combines the ideal and portrait 
elements to a remarkable degree. In mak- 
ing a dignified and impressive portrait 
statue of Governor Altgeld the sculptor 
had a most difficult task, for it is hardly 
possible to imagine a more physically un- 
the placing of this copper sulphate in the 
water is not a serious thing for the fish 
that may be there? 
Air. Kern: It has no serious effect 
upon the fish at all, as long as you don’t 
exceed the proportion I mentioned, fif- 
teen pounds to a million gallons of wa- 
ter. If you apply it stronger than that 
you are apt to kill the fish, and they will 
turn up on their backs; also have a bad 
effect upon the water lily — that is a 
higher form of plant life than the algae. 
The algae is the lowest form of plant 
life that we have, and the effects of the 
copper poisoning is so rapid that it takes 
but very little to exterminate the algae. 
It will also destroy the disease germs 
that may be in the water. 
Placing Receiving Vault Beneath 
Chapel. 
Editor Asked and Answered: Is there 
any objection to placing a receiving 
vault beneath a cemetery chapel, pro- 
viding a lifting device is installed for 
elevating the bodies into the chapel for 
services? Can instances be given where 
this has been done? — A. P. B., 111. 
Will readers who have had experience 
with this form of construction or who 
have information on this problem give 
this department their ideas and sugges- 
tions? 
Removing Ground Ivy. 
There is a little vine that is growing 
in our cemetery and in some places it 
has killed out the grass; in other places 
there is about half vine and half grass. 
I enclose you some of the vine and 
would like to know if you know of any 
way to get rid of it. — J. B., Ia. 
The plant you enclose, Nepeta Gle- 
choma, known as “Ground Ivy” and 
“Creeping Charlie,” is sometimes useful 
as a ground cover in shady places. It is 
an attractive plant and is not always a 
weed. When it becomes a weed it can 
be dug out and removed like other weeds 
and grass seed sown in its place. 
O. C. Simonds, 
Landscape Gardener, Graceland Cem. 
Chicago, 111. 
MEMORIAL 
heroic figure than the late Governor. The 
sculptor has so subordinated and disguised 
the subject’s physical peculiarities by mak- 
ing the symbolic figures serve as a back- 
ground that he has made a really sculp- 
tural and impressive figure and at the same 
time preserved enough of the personal ele- 
ment to make it a characteristic and strik- 
ing representation of the Governor in 
action. 
He has succeeded admirably in “sculp- 
turizing” the character of Altgeld as it is 
seen by his friends, who conceived this me- 
morial. The sculptor represents Altgeld as 
