332 
flow will not carry off this storm water 
and provision must be made for the latter. 
If a large tile is so laid that its bottom 
is at the same time level as the normal 
surface of the water, this surplus will 
usually be taken care of, although where 
the drained area is very large, more tiles 
may be necessary. A few heavy rains will 
soon show how much extra drainage is 
necessary. 
Classification of Lilies . — Water lilies may 
be roughly divided into two classes — tender 
and hardy varieties. The former may be 
again divided into those requiring artificial 
heat and those that do not. The hardy 
lilies, of course, are those capable of with- 
standing the winter without protection. 
Practically the only water lilies that require 
In recent years a great deal has been 
done along the lines of weed extermina- 
tion, and many different methods have 
been experimented with and some of them 
adopted. There are several proprietary ar- 
ticles and mechanical devices on the market 
purporting to solve some of the phases of 
the weed question, but most of them are 
rather expensive when used on a large 
scale. When one needs only a small amount 
of weedicide, however, it is better to buy 
the easily procured proprietary article than 
to bother with the crude material, which 
is often hard to obtain. 
Sulfate of iron has proved valuable in 
the West for the extermination of such 
tender plants as mustard and others when 
used as a spray in grain fields, and it can 
also be used for killing dandelions in 
lawns. It is inexpensive when bought in 
bulk, although the proprietary article, con- 
sisting of pulverized sulfate of iron mixed 
with nitrate of soda and sand and put out 
in expensive containers, is not so cheap. 
Arsenate of scda, which can be bought in 
bulk as a commercial article, and similar 
compounds are also used as weed killers. 
Of the several mechanical devices for 
weed extermination, some are designed. to 
pull up the weeds and others to kill them 
by injecting poisonous chemicals into the 
roots, while still others do the work by 
burning. Even electricity has been tried, 
but with rather unsatisfactory results, 
since considerable current is required to 
kill even small plants. Salt, copper sulfate, 
carbolic acid, nitrate of soda and many 
other materials have been used as weed 
killers, and undoubtedly in the future 
cheaper and more efficient methods will be 
found. 
Arsenical compounds appear to be the 
most poisonous to weeds. Of these, ar- 
senate or arsenate of soda is usually em- 
ployed, and is especially valuable for de- 
stroying weeds in dirt walks, roads, 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
artificial heat are the large-leaved Royal or 
Victoria lilies. Even these will flower and 
produce fairly large leaves without addi- 
tional heat, but the results are so much 
better when artificial heat is added in cool 
weather, that this method of growing them 
is much practiced. Heat is applied only 
when the normal temperature of the water 
falls below 80 degrees Fahrenheit. 
Propagation . — Lilies are raised from seed 
germinated during the winter in tanks un- 
der glass, and the resulting seedlings are 
transplanted to the outdoor ponds late in 
the spring. Or, plants may be taken up in 
the fall and kept over winter in tubs pro- 
tected from frost. Once the hardy lilies are 
planted out they require but very little 
subsequent attention. 
By George E. Stone in Report of Massa- 
chusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. 
ditches and tennis courts and for killing 
poison ivy about trees, buildings, stone 
walls, etc. It is very poisonous to plants 
and lasting in its effects. One or two ap- 
plications at the rate of 10 gallons of the 
solution per square rod (made up of 1 
pound of the arsenate of soda to 5 or 10 
gallons of water) will last for some years. 
This substance does not appear to leach 
TYPES OP WEED EXTERMINATORS. 
At the light, home-made device for cutting 
lawn weeds; to the left, similar device. In 
the center is a device for injecting poisons 
into the roots of weeds. 
Flowering Periods . — The lilies are pecu- 
liar as regards their flowering periods, and 
are generally characterized as “day bloom- 
ers” and “night bloomers.” Some of the 
largest and most brilliantly flowering forms 
belong to the latter class, opening in the 
late afternoon or evening and not closing 
until 9 or 10 o’clock the next morning. 
The day bloomers usually open in the 
morning at about the time the night bloom- 
ers close, being at their best from 11 to 
12 o’clock. The same lily will bloom for 
several days, opening and closing each day, 
but fading and drooping more and more 
until finally its head sinks below the sur- 
face of the water, where the seeds are 
formed. The colors are usually brightest 
when the flowers first open. 
OF WEEDS 
out of the soil to any extent, while many 
others used as weed killers either volatilize 
quickly or leach out through the soil, pro- 
ducing only a temporary effect. Arsenate 
of soda can be used to advantage also in 
treating 4 or 5 inches of a lawn close to 
the foundations of buildings, to save clip- 
ping by hand the tall grass which cannot be 
reached with a lawn mower. 
The most satisfactory way to apply ar- 
senate of soda is by means of a sprinkler 
with an attachment to direct the spray 
(Fig. 1). With this device it is possible 
to treat walks up to the very edge without 
injuring the grass in the least. A single 
drop of arsenate of soda will injure any 
vegetation it touches, so care must be used 
in handling it ; therefore this little attach- 
ment shown in Fig. 1 is valuable for di- 
recting the liquid. Arsenate of soda should 
not be used too freeely near the feeding 
roots of trees, but we have never noticed 
any injury from treating walks near shrub- 
bery or even within a few' feet of large 
trees. 
To insure a heavy growth of grass and 
absence of weeds a lawn should have a 
good, deep foundation of rich soil, well 
supplied with organic matter and plant 
food. It is also important that the soil 
should possess the proper physical prop- 
erties or texture in order to produce a 
good growth of grass, and it should have 
sufficient water-retaining capacity to enable 
the grass to endure drought. A soil of 
medium texture well provided with loam, 
with a water-retaining capacity of about 70 
per cent, is much better than a coarse soil 
of less water-retaining capacity; for in sea- 
sons of drought the coarse soil will dry out 
very quickly and the grass will suffer, 
whereas the reverse is true of the fine soil. 
The weed proposition loses some of its im- 
portance if the lawn is well made, since a 
good growth of grass will crowd out the 
weeds. New lawns are more troubled with 
RIDDING THE LAWN 
