PARK AND CEMETERY. 
335 
One hotel was built on Lake McDermott, 
in Glacier Park ; one is to be built imme- 
diately on the shoulder of Mount Rainier, 
in Paradise Valley, another in the valley 
of the Yosemite, with an annex high over- 
head on Glacier Point, while more modest 
chalets are to be dotted about in the ob- 
scurer spots to make accessible the rarer 
beauties of the inner Yosemite. For with 
the new Tioga road, which, through the 
generosity of Stephen T. Mather and a few 
others, the Government has acquired, there 
is to be revealed a new Yosemite, which 
only John Muir and others of similar bent 
have seen. This is a Yosemite far differ- 
ent from the quite incomparable valley. 
It is a land of forests, snow and glaciers. 
From Mount Lyell one looks, as from an 
island, upon a tumbled sea of snowy peaks. 
Its lakes, many of which have never been 
fished, are alive with trout. And through 
it foams the Tuolumne River, which in a 
mile drops a mile, a water spectacle des- 
tined to world celebrity. Meeting ob- 
structions in its slanting rush, the water 
now and again rises nearly perpendicularly, 
forming upright foaming arcs sometimes 
fifty feet in height. These ‘water wheels,’ 
a dozen or more in number, will be acces- 
sible next summer by a trail to be built 
when the snow melts in June. 
“While as the years have passed we have 
been modestly developing the superb scenic 
possibilities of the Yellowstone, nature has 
made of it the largest and most populous 
game preserve in the Western Hemisphere. 
Its great size, its altitude, its vast wilder- 
nesses, its plentiful waters, its favorable 
conformation of rugged mountain and shel- 
tered valley, and the nearly perfect pro- 
tection afforded by the policy and the scien- 
tific care of the Government have made 
this park, since its inauguration in 1872, 
the natural and inevitable center of game 
conservation for this nation. There is 
something of significance in this. It is the 
destiny of the national parks, if wisely 
controlled, to become the public laborato- 
ries of nature study for the nation. And 
from them specimens may be distributed 
to the city and state preserves, as is now 
being done with the elk of the Yellowstone, 
which are too abundant, and may be later 
with the antelope. 
“If Congress will but make the funds 
available for the construction of roads over 
which automobiles may travel with safety 
(for all the parks are now open to mo- 
tors) and for trails to hunt out the hidden 
places of beauty and dignity, we may ex- 
pect that year by year these parks will be- 
come a more precious possession of the 
people, holding them to the further discov- 
ery of America and making them still 
prouder of its resources, esthetic as well as 
material.” 
PLANTS SUITABLE FOR SALT WATER SHORES 
By Emil T. Mische, Superintendent of Parks, Portland, Ore.; 
President American Association of Park Superintendents. 
Plants suited to endure without serious 
injury the effects of salt water on the fo- 
liage or in the soil in which they are grow- 
ing are much more numerous than is often 
supposed. Flora of the localities where 
these conditions exist are among the best 
sources from which to select suitable can- 
didates for use in similar situations. 
Chemical analysis of plants, indicating that 
the amount of salt (sodium chloride) con- 
tained in their tissue is large, does not nec- 
essarily prove that the plant is suited for 
growing in saline soils ; it is sometimes 
merely an indication of the amount possi- 
ble to be absorbed and yet enable the plant 
to live. 
Geological formation, wind, protection 
and artificial changes are frequently very 
important, favoring or offering circum- 
stances to be observed. Along the rock- 
bound shores of New England the soil is 
usually a thin layer over rock, but the shore 
is reasonably well protected by forests. 
Along the New Jersey coast the land is 
quite flat and sandy and in some localities 
where land is reclaimed by filling, the soil 
is sand for a depth of from 10 to 20 or 
more feet, held in place partly by masonry 
or by an easy slope covered with vegeta- 
tion. Farther south, among the principal 
noteworthy features is that of the sands, 
where the Sabal Palmetto is native. 
On flat land, rich in organic matter and 
from one to three or four feet above low 
water and subjected to tidal overflow of the 
land or even immersing of the plants the 
Distichlis spicata attains a height of from 
two to three or four feet and covers miles 
of meadow-land in broad areas, especially 
in protected indentations of the sea. It 
usually grows without the intermixture of 
other types. 
On higher elevations the “salt meadow” 
type, where the soil is reasonably fertile, 
but at an elevation where it is only sub- 
merged during high tides, Spartina juncea 
is found inhabiting the land almost to the 
exclusion of every other sort. It grows 
from 6 to 18 inches in height. Several spe- 
cies of sedges (Carex) are adapted for use 
in saline soils. Among flowering sorts, 
Statice latifolia, Phragmites communis and 
Solidago sempervirens are conspicuous na- 
tives of the north Atlantic coast. Among 
small sub-shrubs are Corema Conradii, also 
Ephedra distachya, the latter not a native. 
In brackish swamps Hibiscus Moscheutos, 
Rosa blanda and Typha latifolia are fre- 
quent. For areas several feet above mean 
high water, but subject to washings by 
spray, the following are excellent where 
lawn grasses are wanted : Creeping Bent, 
Agrostis stolonifera ; Seaside Bent, A. 
coarctata; Red Fescue, Festuca rubra, and 
Korean lawn grass, Zoysia pungens. 
Among vines there are Hedera helix, 
Gematis flammula and C. vitalba, Lonicera 
Periclymenum, L. Japonica, Tecoma radi- 
cans, Lycium barbarum, Euonymus radi- 
cans, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, and par- 
ticularly Periploca Graeca. 
A rather large assortment of shrubs 
withstand the effects of salt water with im- 
munity : Rosa lucida, Prunus maritima, 
Sambucus racemosa, Viburnum dentatum, 
V. lantana, Cornus stolonifera, C. sanguinea 
(the last three frequently have their fo- 
liage burned during the summer), Hippo- 
phae rhamnoides, and to secure the best 
effect there should always be many female 
plants, Baccharis halimifolia, Alnus gluti- 
nosa, Halimodendron argenteum, Eleagnus 
longipes, Diervilla grandiflora, Cytisus sco- 
parius, Berberis vulgaris, Garrya elliptica, 
Ceanothus Americanus, Colutea Arbores- 
cens, Corylus Avellana, Pyrus arbutifolia, 
Shepherdia argentea, Spiraea Douglasii, 
Rhus glabra, Symphoricarpus racemosus. 
Viburnum opulus sterilis and Tamarix gal- 
lica, Ligustrum vulgare, and particularly L. 
ovalifolium. 
Among the more showy sorts are Myri- 
casia Germanica, Philadelphus coronarius, 
Yucca filamentosa, Taxus baccata, Syringa 
vulgaris, S. persica, Spiraea japonica, Spar- 
tium junceum, Rosa rubiginosa, especially 
Rosa rugosa, R. spinosissima, Ribes san- 
guineum, Rhododendron Catawbiense, R. 
hybrids, Cotoneaster microphylla, Cratae- 
gus pyrocantha, Lavandula vera, Juniperus 
communis, Ilex aquifolium, Daphne cneor- 
um, Hydrangea hortensis, Euonymus ja- 
ponicus, Deutzia crenata, Diervilla rosea, 
Berberis aquifolium, Buxus sempervirens, 
B. Balearica, Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana, 
Pinus Mugho, Buddleia globosa and Yuccai 
filamentosa. 
Under the most adverse conditions the 
following sorts of trees constitute those 
upon which the principal reliance may be 
placed : Ailanthus glandulosa, Salix alba, 
Populus alba, Ulmus Americana, U. mon- 
tana and Pinus sylvestris. Others less 
adaptable but still good are : Sassafras sas- 
safras, Quercus bicolor, Q. macrocarpa, 
Carya alba, Liquidambar styraciflua, Picea 
alba, P. orientalis, Pinus austriaca, P. stro- 
bus, Plantanus orientalis, Pyrus baccata, 
P. aucuparia, P. communis, P. coronaria, P. 
floribunda, Populus nigra, P. Tremula, 
Betula alba, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ex- 
celsior, Rhamnus cathartica, Thuya occi- 
dentalis, Nyssa sylvatica, Carpinus betulus 
and Laburnum vulgare. 
