THE DINKA. 
11 
Nuba are similarly ruled, and that their ehiefs are styled meks or 
mellicks, Viz., kings. 
The Dinka and the whole of the tribes that derive their origin 
from them may be said to have no form of regular government ; 
and; freed from restraint and taxation of every kind; their habits 
differ considerably from the Shillook. Instead of living in closely 
packed communities dependent on each other; they reside in far- 
distant; isolated; stockaded enclosures. These comprise the dwel- 
lings and cattle-huts; — each of the latter during tempestuous 
weather will afford shelter to a hundred head of cattle. A small 
plot of tobacco is frequently cultivated within these high barricaded 
enclosures; and every man^s house may truly be said to be his 
castle. 
Every district is more or less independent of its nearest neigh- 
bour; although of the same tribe and under the same chief or benj. 
The latter’s position is denoted by the term of meaning 
excellency;” that is affixed to his name by all who address him. 
The chieftainship is considered hereditary in families ; but as the 
qualification is that of being the richest; bravest; and wisest of the 
community; frequent squabbles and internal fueds arise. This pro- 
bably is the main cause of so many tribes of different appellations 
that spring from the same source and speak a similar language; and 
yet are quite independent of each other. 
The henjy although powerless to levy a taX; or by the exercise of 
his authority to punish a crinfc; is followed and implicitly obeyed 
during war; and is looked up tO; as it is he who decides the choice 
of pasturage. Aided by his council of wealthy elderS; disputes and 
grievances; whether internal or with members of an adjoining tribC; 
are submitted to him for adjustment; but in cases where loss of 
life is concerned; club law is the highest authority. Cases of aggres- 
