APPENDIX C. 
261 
their entire circumference; lower lip generally fringed. Snout 
obtuse^ projecting^ with a broad distinct lobe on each side; max- 
illary barbel minute,, hidden in a deep groove. Eye small^ situated 
in the posterior half of the head (at least in mature examples) ^ much 
smaller than a scale. There are four series of scales between the 
lateral line and the ventral fin. Upper margin of the dorsal fin 
concave, the third and fourth rays being the longest. Body elon- 
gate, its greatest depth being one-fourth of the total length, or even 
less. Sometimes an indistinct dark band along the side of the 
body. Snout generally with hollow tubercles. 
Barbus. (Barbels.) 
Scales of small, moderate, or large size. Dorsal fin generally 
with the (third) longest simple ray ossified, enlarged, and frequently 
serrated ; never with more than nine branched rays, commencing 
opposite, or nearly opposite, the root of the ventral fin. No adi- 
pose fin. Anal fin very short, but frequently very high. Month 
arched, without inner folds, inferior or anterior ; lips without horny 
covering and without teeth. Barbels short, four (in the Nile 
species) . 
Barbus bynni, Forsk. {Bynni.) 
D. 13. A. 8. L. lat. 35. L. transv. 7/5. 
The osseous dorsal ray is exceedingly strong, normally longer 
than, but frequently only as long as, the head, not serrated behind. 
