MOllLACCHI. 
35 
liberty— blue is the emblem of constancy, without which every 
enterprise fails. The Neapolitan armies raised the flag of the Car- 
bonari. It was also raised in Piedmont during the revolution. The 
object of the institution was to clear the Apennines of the ravening 
wolves which infest them. The Apennines signify all Italy; the 
ravening wolves are the foreign rulers, the oppressors of the people, 
and all the agents of power who gave into arbitrary proceedings 
against them. The eflbrts of the Carbonari consisted in spreading their 
principles, in enlightening the people, and in creating an Italian 
League, to recover the independence of the Italian states fronr 
foreign powers, and establish internal liberty. The Abruzzas, and even 
Calabrias, have witnessed the most astonishing conversions. The 
banditti, who infested the mountains, have changed the musket for 
the hoe — so much have they been affected by pure and enthusiastic 
admonition. 
The Carbonari is composed of all classes of the people. The 
noble and the peasant, the soldier and the priest, the sailor and 
the citizen, the judge and the lazaroni, are united in it. 
Morlacchi. 
These are the inhabitants of Morlachia, in Dalmatia. They 
chiefly inhabit the pleasant valleys of Koter, along the rivers Kerha, 
Cetlina, Narenta, and among the inland mountains of Dalmatia. 
They are by some said to be of Walachian extraction, as is indi- 
cated by their name : Morlachia being a contraction of Mauro- 
Walachia, that is, Black Walachia ; and the Walachians are said to be 
descendants of the ancient Roman colonies planted in these countries. 
This, however, is denied by the Abbe Fortis, who published a volume 
of travels in that country. He informs us, that the origin of the 
Morlacchi is involved in the darkness of barbarous ages, together 
with that of many other nations, resembling them so much in cus- 
toms and language ; that they may be taken for one people, dispersed 
in the vast tracts from the Adriatic Sea to the Frozen ocean. 
The emigrations of the various tribes of the Slavi, who, under the 
names of Scythians, Geti, Goths, Flunns, Slavini, Croats, Avari, and 
Vandalsj invaded the Roman empire, and particularly the Illyrian 
provinces, during he decline of the empire, must have strangely per- 
plexed the genealogies of the nations which inhabited it, and which 
perhaps removed thither in the same manner^^ as at more remote 
periods of time. The remainder of the Ardioei, Aiitariati, and the 
other, Illyrian people anciently settled in Dalmatia, who, would not 
reconcile themselves to a dependence on the Romans, might never- 
theless form a union wdth foreign invaders, resembiiog themselves in 
dialect and customs; and, according to our author, many families, 
driven out of Hungary by the Mogul Jenghiz Khan and his succes- 
sors, might people the deserted valleys among the riiountains of 
Dalmatia. 
This conjecture is also somewhat confirmed by the traces of the 
Calmuk Tartars, still to be found in a part of that country palled 
Zata. With regard to the etymology of the name, the Abbe observes. 
