INHABITANTS OF K AMTSCIl ATK A . ilo 
summer habits are made of dressed skins without hair; the wititcr 
garments of deer or rain skins without hair. The Kamtschalkaris 
now wear linen shifts, which they, bu}^ from the Russians. The cover- 
ing of their feet and legs is hiade of skins of different sorts. But 
the buskins, which both the Cossacks and Kamtschatkans use in their 
finest dress, is thus made: the sole is of fine seal skin, the upper 
part oiTfine white leather, the hinder quarters is of white dog-skin; 
what -comes round the legs is of dressed leather, or dyed seal skin; 
the upper parts are embroidered. a bachelor is observed to wear 
these, he is concluded to be upon a scheme of courtship. They wear the 
same sort of caps as the people of Yakutski. In summer they have 
akipd of hats ofbirch bark tied about their heads. 
The Kuriles use in summer caps made of plaited grass, round 
the Russ settlements, the women wear shirts, ruffles, waistpoats, caps, 
ahd ribands. The women do all their work in mittens ; they formerly 
never washed their faces, but now they use both red and white paint ; 
for white paint they make use of a rotten wood, and for red a sea 
plant, which they boil in seal’s fat, and, rubbing their cheeks with it, 
make them very red. They dress inost in the winter, especially when 
they visit. The common clothes for a Kamschatkan and his family 
will not cost him less than 100 rubles, for the coarsest worsted stock- 
ings, which cost in Russia twenty kopeeks, cannot be bought here for 
less than amble; and all other things in proportion. The Kuriles 
are more able to buy clothes than the Kamschatkans, for they can 
purchase for one sea-beaver as much as the Kamtschatkans can for 
twenty foxes ; and one beaver costs the Kuriles no more trouble than 
five foxes do the Kamtschatkans ; for he must be a good hunter who 
catches more than ten foxes in a winter ; and a Kurile thinks him- 
self unlucky if he does not catch three beavers in the season. 
Method of Travelling . 
The Kamtschatkans commonly travel in sledges drawn by dogs : 
the animals used for this purpose differ very little from the common 
house-dog’ ; they are of a middling size, of various colours, though 
there seem to be more white, black, and gray than of any other. In 
travelling they make use of those that are castrated, and generally 
yoke four to a sledge. They drive and direct their dogs with a crooked 
stick about four feet long, adorned with different coloured thongs; 
this is looked upon as a great piece of hnery. They drive their sledge 
sitting upon their right side, with their feet hanging down ; for it 
would be looked upon as a disgrace for a man to sit down at the bot- 
tom of the sledge, or to allow any person to drive him. It is very 
difficult to travel in these sledges ; for unless a man keeps the exact- 
est balance, he is liable every moment, from the weight and narrow- 
ness of them, to be overturned. In a rugged road this would be very 
dangerous, as the dogs never stop till they come to some house, or are 
entangled by something upon the road, especially in going down 
steep hills, when they run wdth ail their force, for which reason, in 
descending any great declivity, they unyoke all the dogs, except one, 
and lead them softly down. They likewise walk up hills, for it is as 
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