BRASILIAN STONE. 
615 
ling, which gives the estimation of 79.36, or about £80 sterling for 
each carat ; viz. for the multiplicand of the square of its whole weight. 
But even in case of any error of the press in this valuation, if we 
employ the general rule above mentioned, this great gem must be 
worth at least 5,644,8001. sterling, which are the product of 1680 
by two pounds, viz. much above three millions and a half sterling. 
The famous diamond which adorns the imperial sceptre of Russia, 
under the eagle at the top of it, weighs 779 carats, and is worth at 
least 4,854,7281. sterling, although it hardly cost 135,417 guineas. 
This diamond was one of the eyes of a Malabarian idol, named Sche- 
ringham. A French grenadier, who had deserted from the Indian 
service, contrived to become one of the priests of that idol, from 
which he had the opportunity to steal one of its eyes ; he then ran 
away to the English at Trichinapenty, and thence to Madras, A 
ship’s captain bought it for twenty thousand rupees ; afterwards a 
Jew gave seventeen or eighteen thousand pounds sterling for it; at 
last a Greek merchant, named Gregory Luf bras, offered it for sale at 
Amsterdam in 1766 ; and the late prince Orloff purchased it, as he 
himself told Mr. Magellan in London, for the empress Catherine IL 
The figure and size of this diamond may be seen in the British Mu- 
seum in London, it is not of a regular form. 
The diamond of the great Mogul is cut in rose ; weighs 279 carats 
9-16ths ; and is worth 380,000 guineas. This diamond has a smaVl 
flaw underneath, near the botttom ; and Tavernier, page 389, who 
examined it, valued the carat at 150 French livres. Before this dia- 
mond was cut, it weighed 793 carats 5 6ths, according to Rome de 
rile ; but Tavernier, page S39 of his second volume, says, that it 
weighed 900 carats before it was cut. If this is the very same dia- 
mond, its loss by being cut was very extraordinary. Another diamond 
of the king of Portugal, which weighs 215 carats, is extremely fine, 
and is worth at least 369,800 guineas 5-7ths. 
The diamond of the emperor of Germany weighs 139J carats ; 
and is worth at least 109,520 guineas. Tavernier says, that this 
diamond has a tinge of citron colour ; and he valued it at 135 livres 
Tournois the carat. Robert de Berguen, the grandson of Lewis, says 
that this diamond was cut into two ; that the grand Turk had 
another of the same size ; and that there were at Bisnagar two large 
diamonds, one of 150, and another of 140 carats. 
The diamond of the late king of France, called the Pitt or Regent, 
weighs 1361 carats ; this gem is worth at least 208,333 guineas, 
although it did not cost above the half of this value. 
The other diamond of the same monarch, called the Sancy, weighs 
55 carats ; it cost 25,000 guineas, and M, Duteus says, that it is worth 
much above that price. 
Brasilian Stone. 
This is a species of stone found in Brasil, which is flexible. ‘*No 
quality,” says Dr. James Hutton, in his description of one of these 
stones, “ is more inconsistent with the character of a stone than 
flexibility. A flexible stone, therefore, presents an idea \vhich natu- 
