240 THE ORlGIi? AND OFFICE OF CARDINAL. 
The inhabitants of the Philippines bend very low, placing their 
hands on their cheeks, and raise one foot in the air with the knee 
beht. 
Ah Ethiopian takes the robe of another and ties it about him, so 
as to leave his friend almost naked: 
Two female Otaheitans placed themselves in a state of nudity before 
Sir Joseph Banks. 
The Japanese take off a slipper, and the people of Arracan their 
sandals, in the street, and their stockings in the house, when they 
salute. 
The Negro kings on the coast of Africa salute by snapping their 
middle finger three times. 
The inhabitants of Caramania, when they would shew a particular 
attachment, open a vein, and present the blood to their friend as a 
beverage. 
If the Chinese meet after a long separation, they fall on theirknees, 
bend their face to the earth tw^o or three times, and use many other 
affected modes. The Chinese have also a kind of ritual, or formulary, 
of compliments, by which they regulate the number of bows, genu- 
flections, and words, to be used on any occasion. Ambassadors 
practise forty days these ceremonies before they appear at court. 
In Otaheite they rub their noses together in saluting. 
The Dutch, who are considered as great eaters, have a morning 
salutation, which is common amongst all ranks ; “ Snaalkelyk eeten 
— May you eat a hearty dinner.’* Another universal salutation 
among this people is, “ Hoe vaart awe ? — How do you sail f ’ adopt- 
ed, no doubt, in the early periods of the republic, when they were all 
navigators and fishermen. 
The usual salutation at Cairo is, “ How do you sweat?” a dry hot 
skin being a sure indication of a destructive ephemeral fever. 
I think some author has observed, in contrasting the haughty Spa- 
niard with the frivolous Frenchman, that the proud steady gait and 
inflexible solemnity of the former were expressed in his mode of salu- 
tation : ** Come esta?”— “How do you stand?” Whilst the “ Com- 
ment vous portez vous ?” — How do you carry yourself?” was expressive 
of the gay motion and incessant action of the latter. 
The common salutation in the southern provinces of China, amongst 
the lower orders, is, “ Ya fan ?”— “ Have you eaten your rice ?” 
Parke says, in his Travels in Africa, “ A young woman (his intended 
bride) brought a little water in a calabash, and kneeling down before 
him, desired him to wash his hands ; when he had done this, the girl, 
with the tear of joy sparkling in her eyes, drank the water ; this 
being considered as the greatest proof she could give of her fidelity 
and attachment.” 
Account of the Origin and Office of Cardinal. 
A Cardinal is one of the chief governors of the Romish church. 
The cardinals compose the pope’s council or senate ; in the Vatican 
is a constitution of pope John, which regulates the rights and titles 
of the cardinals ; and which declares, that as the pope represents Mo- 
