OLIVER CROMWELL, 
341 
king, but expected that of Brother. He obliged all nations to , pay 
his ambassadors the same honours they had paid to similar represent 
tatives when these realms were governed by kings. All Europe 
trembled ai his name. Cardinal Mazarine declared “that he 
was more afraid of him than of the devil.’^ The pope ordered pro- 
cessions to avert the thunder of his cannon from reaching Rome. The 
duke of Savoy was commanded to put a stop to the massacre of his 
protestant subjects ; and no sooner was the mandate received, than 
he obeyed. The Dutch were all submission to him. Sweden took 
uncommon pains to obtain his alliance. He treated Denmark and 
Portugal with an excess of haughtiness. All Italy, with the states of 
Africa, stood in awe of him, after he had severely punished them for 
the depredations they had committed on the British ships. So that, 
though the means by which he obtained the sovereign power were 
highly unwarrantable, yet his use of that power was as highly com- 
mendable and advantageous to the rtation. 
This prosperous consummation of his ambitious wishes was not, how- 
ever, attended with that happiness which alone could make it desira- 
ble ; for, worn out by excessive fatigue both of mind and body, by 
grief arising from many domestic misfortunes, among which the loss 
of a favourite daughter was not the least ; and likewise by financial diffi- 
culties ; he paid the debt of nature at his palace of Whitehall, Sept. 
3, 1658 ; a day that in several instances of his life had been pregnant 
with great events to him. 
His body, after being embalmed, and wrapped in a sheet of 
lead, was removed on the 26th from the palace of Whitehall, his 
usual residence, to Somerset-house, where it lay in stale ; and on the 
23d of November was interred with great funeral pomp, in a vault 
purposely prepared for it, in Henry the Seventh’s chapel, in West- 
minster abbey. 
But no sooner was the restoration brought about, than a humiliating 
reverse took place. The body of the Protector, with those of Ireton 
and Bradshaw, having been taken from the places of their interment, 
were, on the 29th of January, 1660, the anniversary of king Charles’s 
death, conveyed upon sledges to Tyburn, where they hung till sun-set. 
They were then beheaded ; and their trunks being thrown into a hole 
under the gallows, their heads were set upon poles, and placed on 
the top ofWestminster-hall. 
Such were the indignities with which the corpse of this great man, 
(for, as the most victorious general and the greatest sovereign of the 
age in which he lived, such he must be allowed to be,) was treated 
by his enemies. With regard to his general character, whether he 
was a saint or a hypocrite, whether “he deserved a halter or a 
crown,” has been, and still is, matter of dispute. 
The character which was drawn of him by Smollet, who, as he 
was known to have no small attachment to “ high prerogative,” we 
may suppose not to be partial to him, comes, probably nearest to the 
truth. It runs thus,-— “ Oliver Cromwell was of a robust make and 
constitution, and his aspect manly, though clownish. His education 
extended no farther than a superficial knowledge of the Latin tongue; 
but he inherited great talents from nature, though they were such as 
