410 
JOHN HOWARD, ESQ. 
him, was pleased to extend his protection to him in this journey also, 
and to bring him home once more in safety.” 
In his return, he revisited the chief prisons and hospitals in the 
countries through which he passed, and afterwards went again to 
Scotland ; and thence to Ireland, where he inspected the Protestant 
charter-schools, in some of which he had observed shameful abuses, 
which he had reported to a committee of the Irish house of commons. 
In this town he took a particular account of what he observed amiss 
in tlie conduct of this noble charity, with a view to a reform, — and not 
without success. In the course of these journeys, various cities and 
communities paid him proper respect. At Dublin he was created 
LLD. by the university. At Glasgow and Liverpool he was enrolled 
among their honorary members. Upon his return, having again 
inspected the prisons in England, and the hulks on the Thames, to 
see what alterations had been made, he published the result of his 
last laborious investigations, in “An account of the principal Laza- 
rettos in Europe, with various papers relative to the Plague ; together 
with further observations on some Foreign Prisons and Hospitals, and 
additional remarks on the Present State of those in Great Britain and 
Ireland,” with a number of curious plates. The work likewise con- 
tained observations on Penitentiary Houses, for the correction and 
reformation of criminals, of which he and Dr. Fothergill had been 
nominated by the king to be superintendants. He also published the 
Grand Duke of Tuscany’s “ New Code of Criminal Law, with an 
English Translation and of all his publications he gave avast num- 
ber of copies among his acquaintance. 
‘ His laying open the horrors of despotism in France, had nearly ex- 
posed him to suffer them ; and had it not been for the timely notice of 
our ambassador, he had been immured in the Bastile. He concluded 
his Account of Lazarettos with announcing his intention again to quit 
his country, revisit Russia, Turkey, &c. and extend his tour in the 
East. “ I am not insensible,” says he, “ of the dangers that must attend 
such a journey. Trusting, however, in the protection of that kind 
Providence which has hitherto preserved me, I calmly and cheerfully 
commit myself to the disposal of unerring Wisdom. Should it please 
God to cut off my life in the prosecution of this design, let not my 
conduct be imputed to rashness or enthusiasm, but to a serious deli- 
berate conviction that I am pursuing the path of duty, and to a sin- 
cere desire of being made an instrument of more extensive usefulness 
to ray fellow-creatures than could be expected in the narrower circle 
of a retired life.” 
• Accordingly, in the summer of 1789 he set out on this hazardous enter- 
prise, the principal object of which was to administer James’s Powder, 
a medicine in high repute in malignant fevers, under a strong persua- 
sion that it would be equally efficacious in the plague. In this second 
tour in the East, having spent some time at Cherson, a Russian set- 
tlement on the Dnieper, he caught, in visiting the Russian hospital, 
or, as some say, a young lady who was ill of it, a malignant fever, 
which carried him off* January 20, after an illness of about twelve 
days. He was buried, as he desired, in the garden of a villa belong- 
i.ng to a French gentleman, from whom he had received great civi- 
