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OWEN’S POSITION IN 
outward form of which they described, should 
also be treated of by the early and mediaeval 
anatomists ; but, as the subject grew, division of 
labour not only became practically necessary, but 
was theoretically indicated by the diverse cha- 
racters of its moieties. Form can be considered 
without any reference to function ; and function 
can be studied with very little reference to form. 
One need know nothing of the structure of the 
eye, for example, to make sure that it is the organ 
of vision ; and a minimum of anatomical lore 
suffices to establish the familiar truths that the 
stomach is largely concerned in digestion, and 
the lungs in respiration. Moreover, the preli- 
minary training required for the effectual prose- 
cution and advancement of the several studies of 
form and of function is so different, that, in 
modern times, the two have steadily tended to 
fall into different hands. The doctrine of form, 
whether in the shape of anatomy, histology, embry- 
ology, taxonomy (that is, systematic arrangement), 
or distribution, has become the business of the 
‘morphologist,’ to whom it is a matter of no 
essential importance whether the subjects of his 
inquiries are alive or have been dead for millions of 
years. On the other hand, since functions are the 
modes of manifestation of the activities of living 
matter, in ultimate resort they must be studied 
in living beings. The exact forms which the me- 
chanisms of the functions may assume is a matter 
