ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. 
Habia ludovicuna. 
Char. Male: above, black; rump white; wings and tail black with 
white markings ; below, white ; breast and under tail-coverts deep rose 
pink. Female ; above, streaked blackish and olive ; crown with central 
stripe of white ; rump white ; under parts dull white, streaked with brown ; 
no red on the breast. Length 71^ to 814 inches. 
Nesi. Usually on the margin of woods, or in a dense alder-swamp, — 
occasionally in a garden or open pasture ; composed of grass, nsnm moss, 
roots, stalks, and twigs, lined with fine grass, roots, or pine-needles. 
3" 5; flnll green or bluish green variously marked with spots 
and blotches of reddish brown, lilac, and pale lavender; i.oo X 0.70. 
The remote Northwestern Territories of the Union, Canada, 
and the cool regions towards the Rocky Mountains appear to 
be the general residence of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak. A 
few pairs breed on the banks of the Mohawk, and probably 
in the interior of Pennsylvania. Mr. Say met tvith it in the 
spring, on the lower part of the Missouri ; and at Pembino, on 
the 5 th of August, in the 49th parallel. Dr. Richardson also 
observed it in the latitude of 5 3°, and Audubon found it breed- 
ing in Newfoundland. It has likewise been seen in Mexico 
and Texas. These are, no doubt, its proper natal regions, and 
the course of its migrations, from which it only ventures acci- 
dentally in severe winters, and is then transiently seen in pairs 
east of the Atlantic mountains, which constitute the general 
boundary of its range. It is thus seen occasionally in the 
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