THE GREENFINCHES. 
31 
Asia, and is replaced in Syria and Palestine by a brightly- 
coloured race ( C . chlorotica ), while in Eastern Siberia, China, 
and Japan occurs the Chinese Greenfinch (C. sinica), the two 
remaining species C. kawarahiba and C. kittlitzi being peculiar 
to Japan and the Bonin Islands respectively. 
THE GREENFINCH. CHLORIS CHLORIS. 
Lnxia chloris, Linn., S. N., i., p. 304 (1766). 
Linaria Moris, Macg., Br. B., i., p. 365 (1837). 
Coccothraustes chloris, Newt. ed. Yarr., ii., p. 105 (1876). 
Ligurimis chloris, Dresser, B. Eur., iii., p. 567, pi. 174(1875); 
B. O. U. List Br. B., p. 49 (1883) ; Saunders, Man., p. 161 
(1889). 
Chloris chloris, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xii., p. 21 (1888). 
Fringilla chloris, Lilford, Col. Fig. Br. B., pt. xiv. (1890). 
Adult Male.— Above olive-yellow, shaded with ashy grey, es- 
pecially on the head ; ear-coverts ashy ; cheeks and under sur- 
face of body bright yellow, slightly washed with ashy ; forehead 
and eyebrows brighter yellow ; lower abdomen white ; quills 
dusky brown, with yellow outer webs to the primaries, reach- 
ing to the shaft, and grey margins and tips to the secondaries ; 
bastard wing bright yellow; tail-feathers yellow at base, blackish 
at the ends; bill fleshy pink; feet pale brown; iris hazel. 
Total length, 6 inches; culmen, 0-55; wing, 3-35 ; tail, 2-25; 
tarsus, 0-7. 
Adult Female. — Duller in colour than the male, and always 
to be distinguished by the primaries being merely edged with 
yellow at the base, while the tail is not yellow at the base, and 
the feathers of the bastard wing also show no yellow base. 
Young. — Browner than the adults, and having dusky brown 
streaks on the throat, breast, and flanks. 
In winter the plumage of the adult birds is always overlaid 
with brown tips to the feathers, and it is by the wearing off of 
these tips that the Greenfinch attains its bright summer dress. 
Range in Great Britain.— Found nearly everywhere if trees or 
bushes are present, and apparently extending its range north- 
ward, as it now breeds sparingly in the Orkneys, though to 
these islands and the Shetlands it is chiefly a winter visitor 
