THE CROSSBILLS. 
57 
There are also Crossbills which have white bands on the 
wing. Of these there are two, the European White-winged 
Crossbill (L. bifasciata), which ranges to Eastern Siberia, and 
the American White-winged Crossbill {L. leucopiera ), which 
takes the place of L. bifasciata in North America. 
THE CROSSBILL. LOXIA CURVIROSTRA. 
{Plate IX.) 
Loxia curvirostra, Linn., S. N., i., p. 299 (1766); Newt. ed. 
Yarr., ii., p. 187 (1877); Dresser, B. Eur., iv., p. 127, pi. 
203 (1872) ; B. O. U. List Br. B., p. 57 (1883) ; Sharpe, 
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xii. p. 435 (1888); Saunders, Man., 
p. 193 (1889). 
Loxia eurofcza, Macg., Br. B., i., p. 417 (1837). 
Loxia pytiopsittacus, Bechst., Orn. Taschenb, p. 106 (1882). 
Adult Male. — General colour above pale vermilion, the rump 
clearer vermilion or pale scarlet ; under surface also vermilion ; 
bill and feet brown ; iris hazel. Total length, 6 inches ; cul- 
men, o‘8; wing, 3-8; tail, 2-2; tarsus, o'6. 
Adult Female. — Not so brightly coloured as the male, being 
olive-yellow, where the latter is red. 
Young Birds are dull coloured like the female, but are 
streaked both above and below, the under surface being dull 
white, slightly tinged with yellow and streaked with blackish 
brown. 
Range in Great Britain. — Breeds in the pine districts of Scot- 
land, and in Ireland. A nest from co. Waterford has been 
presented by Mr. R. T. Ussher to the British Museum, 
and it may be seen among the series of cases illustrating our 
native birds and their nests. In the southern counties of 
England the Crossbill also nests in suitable localities, but it is 
chiefly known as a winter visitant in the south. 
Range outside the British Islands.— Over the greater part of 
Europe and Northern Asia, as well as North America, being 
everywhere an inhabitant of the pine regions. Several races 
