6o 
ALLEN’S NATURALIST’S LIBRARY. 
possess three species, but the genus is essentially a Paliearctic 
one, and is to be found throughout the region, one species 
only, P. cassini , extending its range to the Nearctic Region and 
occurring in Alaska. 
THE BULLFINCH. PYRRHULA EUROPAIA. 
(Plate X.) 
f.flxm pyrrhula (nec. Linn.), Lath. Ind. Orn., i., p. 387 (1790). 
J’yrrhula pileata, Macg., Br. B., i., p. 407 (1837). 
Pyrrhula europcea, Vieill. ; Dresser, B. Eur., iv., p. 101, pi. 199 
(1876); Newt. ed. Yarr., ii., p. 166 (1877); B. O. U. 
List Br. B., p. 56 (1883) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xii, 
p. 447 (1888) ; Saunders, Man., p. 187 (1889). 
Adult Male. — Bluish grey, with a conspicuous white band 
across the rump ; wings black, with a small spot of pale 
vermilion on the innermost secondaries ; crown of head black ; 
sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and under surface of body 
dull vermilion ; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; 
bill black; feet dark brown; iris brown. Total length, 6 
inches; culmen, 0-45 ; wing, 3-1 ; tail, 2-4; tarsus, 0-65. 
Adult Female. — Differs from the male in having the back 
brown, the hind neck ashy-grey, forming a tolerably distinct 
collar ; ear-coverts, sides of face, and under surface of body 
vinous chocolate, paler on the abdomen, the under tail-coverts 
white. Total length, 6 inches; wing, 3-1. 
Range in Great Britain. — Generally distributed, and increasing 
its range in Scotland, though still somewhat local in most 
parts of the country, being absent in the Hebrides, and only 
an occasional visitor to the Orkneys and Shetland. 
Range outside the British Islands. — A bird of Western Europe, 
extending east to Germany and south to the Mediterranean 
countries and Algeria, but replaced in Scandinavia and Europe 
east of Poland by a larger and purer coloured form, commonly 
known as the “ Russian Bullfinch,” Pyrrhula pyrrhula. 
Hahits. — Shy and retiring, and always to be seen in pairs 
both in summer and winter. Its piping call-note is a feature 
of the woodland life of England, when the Bullfinch is 
