92 
allen’s naturalist’s library. 
Europe and Asia, and migrate south in winter to Africa, India, 
China, and the Malayan peninsula and islands. 
THE WAGTAILS. GENUS MOTACILLA. 
Motacilla, Linn. Syst. Nat., i., p. 328 (1766). 
Type, M. alba , Linn. 
These birds get their popular name from the curious dipping 
motion of the tail, which accompanies every movement of the 
body. They are divisible into two groups, the “ Pied ” and 
“Yellow” Wagtails, or “Water” and “Field” Wagtails, most 
of the water-loving species being black-and-white or grey, and 
the field-frequenting species belonging to the yellow group. 
No structural characters, however, can be found to divide these 
two sections of the genus Motacilla , and we have, therefore, 
included all the species under one generic heading. 
Of the black-and-white Wagtails fourteen species are known, 
and they are more or less migratory. This is certainly the 
case with the species which breed in northern latitudes, but 
there are at least three species peculiar to Africa, and two to 
India. Representing our European Wagtails, M. lugubris and 
M. alba in Eastern Asia, breeding in the north, and migrating 
south in winter, are three species, M. ocularis, M. lugens, M. 
leucopsis ; these are all birds of the Manchurian subregion, to 
which geographical area, a fourth species, /)/. grandis, seems to 
be confined. As is the case with the Yellow Wagtails, there is, 
among the Pied section of the genus, a tendency to found 
isolated colonies ; hence we find in Persia a race of the White 
Wagtail, which has been called M. persica, while in Central 
Siberia there is another race, which is known as M. baicalensis, 
from its having first been noticed near Lake Baikal. 
The Wagtail of Madagascar, M. fiaviventris, and the Grey 
Wagtail of Europe, M. melanope, are “Water” Wagtails, with 
the colouring of Yellow Wagtails. Nearly every one of the 
latter come northward and breed every season, and retire south 
in winter. The Black-headed Yellow Wagtail, M. feldegpi, is 
perhaps the one which wanders least, and its two races, M. 
paradoxa, from South-eastern Europe, and M. xanthophrys , 
from Lenkoran, have a very limited range. 
