THE WAGTAILS. 
93 
THE PIED WAGTAIL. MOTACILLA LUGUBRI 3 . 
Motacilla lugubris, Temm. Man. d’Orn., i., p. 253 (1820); Newt, 
ed Yarr. i., p. 538 (1874) ; Dresser, B. Kur.,111 , p. 2^9, 
pis. 125, ’fig. 3, 126, fig. 2 (1875) J B. O. U. List Br. B.,p. 
30 (1883) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., x p. 460 (1885) 
Saunders, Man., p. 113 (1889); Wyatt, Br. B., pi. < , fig- 3 
Motacilla yarrelli, Macg., Br. B., n., p- 22 5 ( i8 39) '? LL } y ’ V.'' 
B., ii., p- 194 (1884); Lilford, Col. Fig. Br. B. pt., vm. 
(1888). , , , 
Adult Male in Summer Plumage.— Black above; throat ant ore- 
neck black ; ear-coverts white; breast and abdomen as well as 
under tail-coverts white ; the sicks of the body ashy-gre\ 
median and greater wing-coverts black, externally margined 
with white; quills black, edged with grey, the inner sec-mclanes 
with white ; tail-feathers black, the two outer ones white, black 
at the base and along the edge of the inner web ; bill and feet 
black; iris dark brown. Total length, 7'3 inches; culmen, o > , 
wing, 3-55 1 tail, 37 1 tarsus, 0-95. . . , . . 
Adult Female. — Like the male, but never so entirely black on 
the body, the latter being dingy grey, more or less mottled with 
black feathers. Total length, 6-8 inches ; wing, 3 25. 
Adults in Winter Plumage— Easily distinguished by the white 
throat which is followed by a black band across the fore-neck, 
extending in a crescent up to the ear-coverts ; the back is grey, 
with the forehead white, and the hinder crown and nape black. 
Young Birds have at first the head grey like the back. After 
the first moult they resemble the winter plumage of the adults, 
befog duU a hy, with a white forehead, and a black patch on 
Hinder crown, as well as a black patch on the fore-neck. 
‘If-fKlik “Sroaf i “ill ”1 curious, .. i. is chiefly 
“ the 3 colour of .he feather, r.alher than 
by a complete moult. The white feathers of the winter dress 
become black at their tips, and this black gradually spreads 
over the whole of the feather, until the enure throat becomes 
Work We were at one time inclined to believe that there was no 
spring moult at all, at least, in the old birds, but we have seen 
