THE GOLD-CRESTS. 
155 
back: median and greater coverts dusky, externally edged 
'with green and tipped with yellow or yellowish-white, forming a 
double wing-bar ; quills blackish, edged with yellow, turning 
to white near the base of the primaries ; the base of the 
secondaries yellow, followed by a band of black, forming a 
conspicuous pattern ; the inner secondaries tipped with white, 
tail-feathers ashy-brown with greenish-yellow margins ; on the 
crown a beautiful patch of brilliant orange, flanked on both 
sides by a band of black feathers, streaked with yellow ; fore- 
part of coronal patch also bright yellow ; forehead dmgy olive ; 
lores ashy-white ; eyebrow and sides of face dingy olive ; cheeks 
and throat isabel line-buff, the chin whitish ; breast and centre 
of body ashy-white, tinged with yellow, the flanks and sides of 
body greenish-olive; under wing- and tail-coverts white with 
yellowish tips; quilts ashy below, edged with whitish ; bill 
nearly black; feet brown ; iris hazel. Total length, 3 '7 inches ; 
culmen, o' 4 ; wing, 2-15 ; tail, i*S j tarsus, 0-65. 
Adult Female. — Similar to the male, but rather duller and 
greener in colour, and at once distinguished by the colour ot 
the crest, which is bright yellow, instead of orange, with a very 
broad streak of black on either side of the crest. 
Young.— Coloured like the adults, but are much duller, and 
entirely lack the bright crown, this part of the head being dull 
green like the rest of the upper-parts ; under surface of body 
ashy-white. 
Range in Great Britain.— Almost universal throughout the three 
kingdoms, and breeding wherever it is found, except in the 
Outer Hebrides, the Orkneys, and Shetland Isles lbe 
numbers of our indigenous birds are vastly increased by the 
arrival on our eastern coasts of numbers of Gold-Crests fion 
the Continent. Mr. Howard Saunders has thus summarised 
some of the facts of the migration of this species . In autumr 
immense flocks sometimes arrive on our east coast extend- 
ing quite across England, and the Ins r - lanm. , 
Ireland In 1882 the migration-wave of this description com- 
mencing on August the 6th, and lasting for ninety-two days, 
reached from the Channel to the Faroes ; mi 883 the migration 
lasted eighty-two days; and again, in 1884, for a period of 
eighty-seven days. Sinnl.ai ‘ waves passed over Heligoland, 
