THE WARBLERS. 
Sylvia rufa , Newt. ed. Yarn, i-, P- 4° 6 ( lS 73) i Dresser, h. 
Eur., ii., p. 37 7> P 1 - 57 ( lS 7 6 )- 
Adult Male. — Greyish-brown above, with the wings rather 
darker, the head ashy-grey, contrasting somewhat .j^thers 
hack the upper tail-coverts also ashy-grey , the tail-teatneis 
dark greyish-brown, the outer ones paler and broadly edged 
with white • wing-coverts edged with pale chestnut, and the 
innermost secondaries with broad chestnut edges; under sun 
f ree of the body white, the breast pinkish or vinous, cuntiastin 0 
with the pure white of the throat and abdomen, the flanks 
rather browner; axillaries and under wing-coverts pale grey, 
auflldinin^ light brown ; bill dark brown, paler at the base o 
the lower° mandible ; feet and claws pale brown ; ms ligl 
hazel. Total length, s'6 inches; culmen, o 0 5 , wing, ~7> 
tail, 2*3 ; tarsus, o'8. 
Adult Female. — Similar to the male, but rather browner, the 
hetd and upper tail-coverts being more greyish-brown like : the 
back the under surface of the body is whiter, the p nk tinge 
of the breast being less distinct, or altogether absent, lotal 
length, 5-5 inches ; wing, 2 - 8 . 
w,.« Plumage. — The grey of (he head and the pi nk colour 
on the breast entirely disappears in the male, »h«:h is exac )i 
like the female at this season of the year. 1 he b.rds 
image S rather browner than they are in summer, and, like 
the young, have the head like the back. 
Youne Browner than the adults, the head being like the 
back the rufous on the wing-coverts strongly pronounced 
throat and abdomen white ; the lower throat, breast, and side, 
of the body sandy-buff, without any tinge ot pmic. 
NOTF -Tlm Whitethroat can ^^^nc^ex^ieyomuile 
very small first, or bastard, primary q > j tail-coverts are never 
tips of the primary-coverts. The upper 
barred as in the preceding species, and b b 
wing-coverts and quills are also a distinguishing character. 
Range in Great Britain. — A summer visitol, Ireland 1 
Anril It is found everywhere in Engand, W ales, and lie . , 
and also over the greater part of Scotland, excepting the north- 
