THE TREE -WARBLERS. 
219 
the chest; the sides of the upper breast washed with olive- 
green, the flanks also slightly washed with greenish ; axillaries 
and edge of wing yellow ; under wing-coverts white, washed 
with yellow ; quills dusky-brown below, whitish along the inner 
web ; bill dark brown above, yellow below (in skin), the lower 
mandible horn-colour in life ; feet and claws pale lead-colour ; 
iris hazel. Total length, 5-2 inches ; culmen, 0-55 ; wing, 2-95 ; 
tail, 2'o ; tarsus, o - 8. 
Adult Female. — Does not differ from the male in colour. Total 
length, 5'4 inches; wing, 3 0. 
Note.— The large size, the flattened and Flycatcher-like bill with its 
yellow lower mandible, and the bright yellow under surface, seem to dis- 
tinguish this species from any of the Willow- Warblers in this country. 
Range in Great Britain. — Only an accidental visitor, which has 
not occurred more than half-a-dozen times This is the more 
curious, as the species ranges on migration to the south of 
Africa like the Willow- Warbler, and, on its return to Europe, 
is plentiful almost within sight of the shores of Great Britain. 
Of the five recorded examples of H. hypo/ais in this country, 
four have occurred in summer, viz., at Holderncss, in Lincoln- 
shire, in May, 1891; near Dover, in June, 1848; near New- 
castle, in June, 1889; and in co. Dublin in June, 1856, the . 
only autumn-killed example being the one procured by Mr. 
Power, near Blakeney, in Norfolk, in September, 1884. 
Range outside the British Islands. — In the south of Europe this 
Warbler arrives towards the end of April, but does not reach its 
northern habitats till the early part of May. It is generally dis- 
tributed over Central Europe, and inhabits Denmark, Holland, 
Belgium, and the north-east of France during the summer, and 
ranges, so Mr. Howard Saunders believes, to about the line of 
the Somme, to the west of which river, as indeed throughout 
the greater part of France and the Peninsula, it is replaced by 
H. polyglotta. In Southern Scandinavia the Tree-Warbler 
is common, but becomes rarer to the northward, reaching 67° 
N. lat. in Norway, and about 65° in Sweden. It occurs near 
Archangel, and is found in the Ural Mountains up to 57 0 N. 
lat. Mr. Seebohm says that it has been found to the east of 
the Urals, in the valley of the Tobol river ; but Dr. Pleske re- 
marks that if the species really occurs in Siberia it can only be 
