THE HEDGE-ACCENTORS. 
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bird, and all the species of the genus have a small and blunt 
wing, with the secondary quills almost as long as the primaries. 
There are six species in the Himalayas, three European, another 
Central Asian, and a third still more eastern representative of 
the genus in Japan. 
The species of the genus Accentor , which has a longer and 
more pointed wing, with the secondaries not nearly equalling 
the primaries in length, are found in the mountains of Asia 
and Europe, extending from Manchuria throughout the Altai 
and Himalayan systems to the Caucasus and the mountains of 
Central and Southern Europe. 
THE HEDGE-ACCENTORS. GENUS THARRHALEUS. 
Tharrhaleus, Kaup, NatiirL Syst., p. 137 (1829). 
Type, T. modularis (Linn.). 
The characters which distinguish this genus from Accentor 
have been alluded to above. The bill is about half the length 
of the head, rather wide at the base, and tapering laterally 
towards the centre, and ending in a somewhat fine point ; it 
has also a slight notch, and is furnished with rictal bristles, 
which, however, are few in number and weak. The Hedge- 
Sparrows lay blue eggs like Redstarts and Chats, but differ 
from these birds in having the sexes alike in colour, and in 
other structural characters. 
THE HEDGE-SPARROW. THARRHALEUS MODULARIS. 
Motacilla modularis , Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 329 (1766). 
Accentor modularis, Macg., Hr. B., ii., p. 251 (1839); Newt. ed. 
Yarn, i., p. 301 (1873); Dresser, B., Eur., iii., p. 39, pi. 101 
(1873); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., vii., p. 649 (1883) ; 
B. O. U. List. Br. B., p. 22 (1883)7 Seeb., Br. B., i., 
p. 497 (1883); Lilford, Col. Fig. Br. B., pt. v. (1887); 
Saunders, Man., p. 83 (1889); Wyatt, Br. B., pi. xv., fig. i. 
(1894). 
Adult Male.— General colour above brown, streaked with broad 
blackish-brown centres to the feathers; lesser wing-coverts 
