3 IQ allen’s naturalist's library. 
at once how similar they are in appearance and situation to 
that of a large Wren’s nest, and there are other Wren-like 
characters to be observed in the Dippers. Not only do the 
short and rounded wings proclaim the affinity of the two 
families, but the absence of rictal bristles also serves to unite 
them. The Dippers are found in the mountains of Europe, 
Asia, and North America. They also occur in Central 
America and txtcnd down the Andes from the United States 
of Columbia to 1 ’eru and Tucuman. 
THE DIPPERS OR WATER-OUZELS. GENUS CINCLUS. 
Cine /us, Bechst., Orn. Taschenb., i., p. 206 (1802). 
Type, C. cinclus (Linn.). 
As there is but a single genus Cinclus , the remarks made 
above under the heading of the family, refer equally to the 
genus. 
THE DIPPER. CINCLUS AQUATICUS. 
Cinclus europcais, Macg., Br. B., ii., p. 50 (1839). 
Cinclus aqi<aticus, Bechst.; Newt. ed. Yarr , i., p. 241 (1872) ; 
Dresser, B. Eur., ii., p. 167, pi. xix. (1874) ; Sharpe, Cat. 
B. Brit Mus., vi., p. 307 (1881) ; B. O. U. List Br. B., p. 
2 3 (1883); Seeb., Hist. Brit. B., i., p. 253 (1888); Til- 
ford, Col. Fig. Brit. B., pt. xi., (1889); Saunders, Man., 
p. 89 (1889) ; Wyatt, Br. B., pi. v. (1894). 
( Plate XXVI.) 
Adult Kale. — General colour above dark grey, all the featheis 
edged with black ; wing-coverts and quills blackish-brown, with 
grey margins, the secondaries more broadly edged ; tail- 
feathers dark brown ; crown ot head, hind-neck, and sides of 
neck, sides of face and ear-coverts, dear chocolate-brown ; 
cheeks, throat, fore-neck, and chest, pure white; above and 
below the eye a spot of white ; breast and remainder of under 
surface of body deep rufous, shading off into slaty-brown on 
the sides of the body ; abdomen, thighs, vent, and under tail- 
coverts, blackish, the latter tipped with rufous ; under wing- 
coverts dark brown, washed with slaty-grey, the axillaries tipped 
with white ; quills dark brown below, ashy-fulvous along the 
inner web ; bill black ; feet bluish-grey, tinged with brown ; 
