THE DIPPERS OR WATER-OUZELS. 
3 1 3 
the materials were pulled to pieces, one could hardly believe 
that they could be made to take up so little room. Outside it 
appeared nothing but a large oval ball of moss, about n inches 
long, 8 inches wide, and about as high.” 
Eggs. — Four or five in number. Pure white, without any 
spots, but not glossy as are the eggs of Kingfishers, ihe 
shape varies a good deal. Axis, r'o-i'i inch ; diam., o 7-0 7 5. 
(Plate xxix., fig. 1.) 
THE BLACK-BELLIED DIPPER. CINCLUS CINCLUS. 
Sturnus cinclus, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 200 (1766). 
Cinclus melanogaster, Dresser, B. Eur., ii., p. 177, Pi- * x - 
(1873); B. 0 . U. List Brit. B.,p. 24 (1883) ; Lilford, Col. 
Fig. Brit. B., pt xi. (1889): Saunders, Man., p. 89 (1889). 
Cinclus cinclus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., vi., p. 31 1 ( l8Sl )- 
Adult Male. — Similar in colour to C ■ aquaticus , but differing 
in having the breast dark chocolate-brown or black, not rufous, ^ 
but sometimes having a slight tinge of rufous across the upper 
part of the breast. Total length, 7-5 inches ; wing 3-8. 
Adult Female. — Similar to the male in colour. Total length, 
7-2 inches; wing, 3*5. 
Range in Great Britain.— The Black-bellied Dipper has occurred 
in the eastern counties of England. Many naturalists consider 
that the two forms are not specifically distinct. It has been 
nointed out by Mr. Seebohm that there is a variation in depth 
of colour between examples found at different heights in the 
Peak district of Derbyshire, those from 1,500 feet elevation 
being darker than those from the lower elevations. Mr. Howard 
Saunders also observes that examples from the upper portions in 
The narrow valley of the Pyrenees above I.uz and from the lof y 
Cantabrian Mountains, in N.W. Spain, are und.stinguishable 
from Scandinavian specimens, and this is certainly the case 
Coimbra, in Portugal, sent to the British 
Museum by Dr. A ieira. 
The Black-bellied form of Dipper inhabits Scandinavia and 
Northern Russia, occurring also in Denmark, Northern Ger- 
many, and Holland. It has also visited Heligoland. 
CJ 
