f>4 ali.en’s naturalist’s lirrary. 
p. 661 (1889) : Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. part xxv. (1893) : 
Saunders, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxv. p. 241 (1896). 
{Plate C.) 
Adult Male.— General colour above black, with a distinct 
wash of slate-colour, the scapulars tipped with white ; marginal 
coverts white ; wing-coverts like the back ; bastard-wing, 
primary-coverts, and quills slaty- black, the secondaries broadly 
tipped with white, forming a distinct bar across the wing ; 
first primary with a white tip of nearly three inches in extent • 
second primary also largely tipped with white, with a sub- 
terminal spot of black on the inner web ; third primary almost 
entirely black, with a white tip ; fourth and fifth primaries with 
a broad sub-terminal bar of black, preceded by a narrow bar 
of white on the inner web ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail 
pure white ; head and neck all round, as well as the upper 
mantle and the entire under surface of the body, including 
the under wing-coverts and axillaries, pure white; lower 
primary-coverts ashy; quill-lining dark slate-colour, with an 
ashy shade along the edge of the inner web, and a kind of 
light ashy shade or pale appearance along the inner line of the 
shaft; “bill yellow, the angle of the genys orange-red; eyelid 
vermilion ; tarsi and toes livid flesh-colour ” (JI. Saunders). 
Total length, 28 inches; culmen, 2‘6; wing, i9‘5; tail, 7-5; 
tarsus, 3'o. ' 
Adult Female. — Rather smaller than the male, and with a less 
robust bill. 
Adult in Winter. — Similar to the summer plumage, but with a 
few greyish streaks on the head, and the colour of the bill not 
so bright. 
Young;.— Brown above, thickly mottled with bars of white or 
sandy buff or light brown, with occasionally a bar of black on the 
feathers, most of which are broadly edged with sandy or white, 
with sub-terminal bars or markings of black; rump, upper tail- 
coverts, and tail mottled with black, Ihc latter marbled with 
black, in addition to the sub-terminal black bar ; primary- 
coverts and primaries black, tipped with white, the inner webs 
of the feathers slaty-brown ; secondaries brown, blacker on the 
outer web, edged and tipped with white; innermost secondaries 
