82 
ALLEN*S naturalist's LIBRARY. 
Pamphila ehnniea, Dresser, B. Eur. viii. p. 349 , pl- 595 (1877); 
B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 186 (1883) ; Saunders, ed. Yar- 
rell’s Brit. B. iii. p. 656 (1884); id. Man. Brit. B. p. 669 
(1889) ; Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. part xxvi. (1893) ; Saun- 
ders, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxv. p. 301 (1896). 
Adult Male.— Entirely snow-white above and below ; the quills 
also white, with while shafts and a faint shade of grey on the 
inner web; “bill, gamboge-yellow terminally, merging into 
greenish-grey on the basal two-thirds of both mandibles ; tarsi 
and toes black ; iris dark hair-brown ; orbital ring brick-red ” 
{H. Saunders). Total length, 18 inches; rulmen, 1-7; wing, 
14-2 ; tail, 6 2; tarsus, 175. 
Adult Female. — Similar to the male, but slightly smaller, and 
Mr. Saunders states that there is a tendency to show a 
shorter tarsus. Total length, 17 inches; wing, 12-8. 
Young.— White, but with a great deal of grey on the lores, 
sides of face, and throat. The upper surface and the wings 
spotted with greyish-black ; the bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 
and primaries with a black spot at the end ; tail-feathers with a 
black sub-terminal band. 
Nestling.— White. “Even in this stage,” says Professor 
Collett, “they may be distinguished from the young of other 
species by the strong and hooked claws, particulaily on the 
hind toe, the somewhat raarginated web on the toes, and by 
the forward nostrils.” The fledgeling is said by Mr. Saunders 
to be of a dull or smoke-grey colour. 
Range in Great Britain. — Some thirty occurrences of the 
Ivory Gull have been recorded from British waters, of which 
half have been adult individuals. They have been procured in 
England, Ireland, and Scotland, though the greater number, 
as might have been expected in a winter visitor from the 
north, have occurred in the latter kingdom. 
Range outside the British Islands.— “ Circumpolar regions, with- 
out any break of continuity ; but along those portions of the 
coast of Arctic America, where open water is non-existent, the 
bird is naturally scarce ; rare also in the Northern Pacific. In 
winter, southwards as far as the coast of France and I.ake 
Leman (once), and New' Brunswick, in America” {Saunders). 
