brunnich’s guillemot. 
121 
lower priraary-coverts and inner surface of quills ashy-brown. 
Total length, 15 inches; culmen, i'6 ; wing, 8'9; tail, i'85; 
tarsus, 1-4 
Adult in Winter Plumage. — Black above, white below ; tlie 
lores and sides of the face being blackish, and not chocolate- 
brown as in the summer plumage, where they are in contrast 
to the black head ; the hinder cheeks and sides of the neck 
showing a white patch which is more or less mottled with 
black, as is also the lower throat ; the upper throat white, with 
a black spot on the chin ; the swollen base of the cutting edge 
of the mandible less distinctly marked. 
Young. — Resembles the adult in winter plumage, but is whiter 
on the throat and sides of the neck, these parts not having the 
black mottling of the adult. A young female obtained by Dr. 
Stejneger on Bering Island, on the 3rd of Janu.ary, had the “ bill 
dark, almost blackish, bluish-grey, with a light spot on the 
genys in front of the angle ; feet light bluish pearl-grey, with a 
faint yellowish tinge in front (not greenish, however), the joints 
darker bluish-grey, underneath blackish-grey.” 
Characteni. — The thick bill, with its enamelled appearance 
near the gape, distinguishes Brunnich’s Guillemot from U?-ia 
troile at a glance, and I am unable to comprehend Seebohm’s 
conclusion that it is so little recognisable as to be merely a 
race of U. iroile. In my opinion U. bruennkhi is almost generi- 
cally distinct from U. troile, while its blacker coloration, with the 
contrast between the black head and the deep chocolate-brown 
on the sides of the face and neck, is most marked. It is 
thoroughly distinct from U. troile as a species. I have been 
unable to sepaiate Urui ixrru from U. brucHnlchi, as is done by 
the American ornithologists, who insist on its larger size and less 
swollen tomium. Specimens from Spitsbergen and the Kuril 
Islands have the tomium equally distinct and the wing of the 
same length (8'4-8'5). A Greenland specimen has the wing 
8 ’8 inches. 
Range in Great Britain. — Seebohm speaks of Briinnich’s 
Guihemot as “ a very rare straggler to the British Islands in 
winter, having been most frequently observed in 
the Orkneys and extreme north of Scotland,” but, he adds, 
“ there can be little doubt that it is often overlooked and con- 
