122 
Allen’s naturalist’s library. 
fused with its smaller-billed ally.” Mr. Howard Saunders, on 
the other hand, at the time of writing his “ Manual,” in 1889, 
considered thaUhe species had been included in’the British 
List on very slight evidence, and was inclined to admit only 
two occurrences as worthy of any credit at all. In 1895. how- 
ever, identified specimens were obtained from the coast of 
Yorkshire and from Cambridgeshire. 
Range outside the British Islands. — Briinnicli’s Guillemot is a 
truly Arctic species, being plentiful in Spitsbergen, Tan Mayen, 
Novaya Zemlya, and Lranz-Josef Land. In Greenland there are 
abundant colonies, and Colonel heilden observed the species 
as far north as Lat. *] 2 , It is found also on the Pacific side of 
North America. In winter it visits the coasts of Scandinavia, 
and has been found on the eastern shores of Great Britain and 
in the North of France, while in North America it extends as 
far south as New Jersey. 
Habits.-— These, as might be expected, are similar to those 
of the Common Guillemot. In some of its Arctic resorts, 
incredible numbers of the species are said to congregate in the 
North Pacific; they are usually called Uria arm, a form which 
I consider to be inseparable from U. hruennichi. Dr. Stejnef^er 
writes ; “ They pass the winter atvay from the shores of The 
islands, probably on the open sea not far from them, as is 
indicated by living individuals occasionally appearing during 
the winter, and by the dead bodies regularly cast ashore after 
each severe storm of the season. About the ist of April, or a 
little earlier, enormous flocks approach the shore and’ take 
possession of the rookeries. 
“ When breeding, the long rows of ‘ Ares ’ * on the narrow 
shelves of rocks, where they have deposited their many- 
coloured, large, pear-shaped eggs, face the rocky wall with 
their w'hite breasts, turning their black backs to the spectator. 
When flying ofif the nest, they consequently are compelled to 
first turn round, and, if taken by surprise, this manoeuvre will 
often cause them to throw the egg from the shelf into the 
water. It happened several times that, when I stealthily 
approached in a boat under the breeding-colonies, several eggs 
were thrown into the boat when the birds rushed off their 
* So called from their note, a7 -r-r. 
