RED GROUSE. 
263 
Sternum is perforated to receive a process from the base of the 
coracoids (fig. 7. and there are two deep notches on each 
side of the posterior margin of the sternum (hg. 7, V3). ine 
bill is short and stout, the upper mandible being arched and 
overhanging the lower. The hind-toe is always present, but 
varies in size and position. The feathers covering the body 
are provided with well-developed after-shafts. The nestlings are 
hatched covered with down, and able to run a few hours after 
their birth. The eggs, especially those of the smaller species, 
are often numerous, and when spotted have only a single set ot 
surface marks, none of the pale underlying spots characteristic 
of the Sand-Grouse, Hemipodes, and Wading Birds, being 
found.” (Grant, Lc.) 
THE GROUSE. FAMILY TETRAONIDiE. 
The hind-toe is raised above the level of the other toes ; the 
nostrils are covered with feathers. The legs are more or less 
covered with feathers, and there is no spur. The toes are also 
mostly covered with feathers, but are sometimes naked and 
pectinate, with a series of horny comb-like processes on each 
side. (Cf. Grant, t.c. p. 26). 
the true C.ROUSE. GENUS LAGOPUS. 
Lagopus, Briss. Orn. i. pp. 181, 216 (1760). 
Type, L. lagopus (Linn.). 
Mr Grant characterises this genus by the dense feathering 
on the feet and toes. The tail is moderately long, consisting 
of sixteen feathers, the outer ones being nearly as long as the 
middle pair. 
I. THE RED GROUSE. LAGOPUS SCOTICUS. 
Tetrao scoiicus. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 641 (179°) j Seebohm, 
Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 428 (1884). 
Lagopus scoticus, Macgill. Brit. B. i. p. 169 (1837); Dresser, 
* B. Eur. vii. p. 165.pl- 479 (1873); B . 0 . U. List. Bnt. 
B. p. 144 (1883) ; Saunders, ed. Yarrell’s Bnt. B. m. 
p. 73(1883); id, Man. Brit. B. p. 481 (1889); Lilford, 
