126 
Allen’s naturalist’s library. 
yellow. Total length, 22 inches; culmen, I’is; wing, i3'S ; 
tail, 8'5 ; tarsus, o'q. 
Adult Female. — Different from the male, and rather larger. 
Brown, the feathers of the crown slightly washed with rufous ; 
nape and hind-neck pale tawny-buff, streaked with dark 
brown ; the scapulars and wing-coverts with large oval spots of 
pale tawny-buff ; quills brown, with whitish tips, the second- 
aries externally washed with ashy-grey, Ixirred with blackish- 
brown, these bars very distinct on the lower surface of the 
wing ; upper t.ail-covcrts white ; tail greyish-brown, tipped with 
whitish, and crossed with five bands of darker brown, of which 
the sub-terminal one is much broader ; the light bands on the 
outer tail-feathers pale creamy-buff, shaded with ashy; feathers 
of the forehead and above and below the eye whitish; ear- 
coverts and checks rufous, streaked with dark brown ; facial 
ruff huffy-white, streaked with brown ; sides of neck and 
under surface of liody pale tawny-buff ; the lower breast and 
abdomen whitish, all broadly streaked with brown, rather more 
narrowly on the thighs and abdomen, where the streaks are 
somewhat tinged with rufous ; flanks and axillaries dark brown, 
marked on both webs with rounded spots of creamy-buff; cere 
greenish-yellow ; bill blackish ; feet yellow ; iris reddish-brown. 
Total length, 23 inches; wing, 15-15-6; tail, io-3-ii'o; tar- 
sus, 3-15. 
Young Birds. — The young male is brown like the old female, 
but is always to be recognised by its smaller size, as the wing 
never exceeds 14 inches in length. The plumage is always 
more rufous than in the old female, especially on the lower 
parts and about the head and neck ; facial ruff clear fulvous, 
streaked with dark brown ; feathers above, around, and lielow 
the eye pure white, forming a very conspicuous facial patch ; 
under surface of body tawny-rufous, with dark brown streaks 
narrower on the abdomen ; upper tail-coverts white, with 
streaks of rufous-broivn ; tail tawny-rufous, with a buff tip, and 
crossed by four blackish bands. 
A young female is like the old female, hut has the bars on 
the tail rufous. 
Characters. — An aduH male Hen-Harrier can always be told 
