213 
ali.en’s naturalist’s library. 
Adult Fcuiale.^ — tleneral colour above glossy blue-black from 
the hind-ncck to the tail, dividing the mantle and back down 
the centre ; the sides of the mantle, remainder of the back, 
scapulars, and wing-coverts bronzy-brown, with broad edges of 
blue-black to all the feathers ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 
and quills black, externally greyish-bronze, the feathers with a 
broad black margin as well ; tail-feathers slaty-black, with grey- 
ish shafts ; crown of head and neck glossy blue-black, with a 
very evident nuchal crest ; under surface of body blue-black ; 
sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and upper throat creamy- 
white, ascending to a point in the centre of the chin, which 
is bare like the lores, region of the eye, and fore-part of the 
cheeks ; the crown, neck, and lower throat ornamented with 
numerous white filaments, which completely conceal the black 
ground-colour ; on the sides of the lower flanks a large white 
patch ; sides of upper breast bronzy-brown, the flanks bor- 
dered with black, as on the back ; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries black ; bill brown above, slate-colour below, including 
edge of lower mandible ; gular skin lemon-yellow ; feet black ; 
iris green. Total length, 32 inchesj culinen, 2'6; wing, i2'8; 
tail, 6'o ; tarsus, 2 '5. 
Adult Male. — Similar to the female, but larger and with the 
crest somewhat more developed. Total length, 30 inches; 
wing, 12-5. 
Winter Plumage — Black like the summer plumage, but not 
having the white filaments on the head and neck, and the 
white p.atch on the thighs also being absent. 
Young Birds. — Browner above than the adults, and with black- 
ish margins to the feathers, which are greyish-brown rather 
than bronzy; the head and neck ashy-brown, with blackish 
centres to the feathers ; sides of face, throat, and fore-neck 
ashy-brown ; chin, upper throat, and sides of face dull white ; 
rest of the under surface of the body white, the sides of the 
body brown, as well as the under tail-coverts ; bill pale horn- 
colour ; cere none; gular skin yellow; iris light green. 
The adult black plumage is gained apparently by a change 
in the feather, the tip of which becomes gradually black or 
brown, and this colour spreads by degrees over the whole 
plumage. 
