252 
ALLEN’S naturalist’s LIBRARY. 
Nest.— A large structure, composed of dead sedge and coarse 
herbage, and concealed in the dense willow-scrub {Seebohm). 
Eggs. From two to four, but sometimes five and even seven, 
eggs are found ; creamy-white in colour, slightly glossy, and 
with the surface granulated. A.xis, 4-5 inches; diim., 2-85. 
II. BEWICK S SW.VN. CYGNUS BEWICKI. 
Cygnus bewukii, Yarrell, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 445 (iSt?)' 
Macg. Br. B. iv. p, 669 (1852); Dresser, B. Eur. vi p' 
441. pl. 419, fig- 3 (1880); B. O. U. ListBr. B. p. 121 
(1883); Seebohm, Br. B. hi. p. 484(1885); Saunders, 
ed. Yarr. Br. B. iv. p. 315 (1885) ; id. Man. Br. B. p. 403 
(1889); Lilford, Col. Fig. Br. B. part .\xv. (1893); Salvad. 
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. 29 (1895). 
{Plate X V. Fig. 4. ) 
Adult Male — Entirely white. Similiar to C. musicus, but of 
much smaller size ; “ lores and basal portion of the bill deep 
yellow, hut this colour not extending below the ?iostrils” ; re- 
inaindei of the bill black, this black colour reaching on to the 
edges of the gape, and sometimes extending along the culmen • 
feet and toes dull black; iris hazel. Total length, 46-50’ 
inches ; culmen, 3-8; wing, 21 -o; tail, 8-8 ; tarsus, 4-8 (Au/- 
vadon). ^ 
Adult Female.— Similiar to the male, but a little smaller. 
Young Birds.— Greyish-brown, becoming white in the second 
winter, but having the bill lemon-yellow ; iris yellow. 
Character.— Bewick’s Swan can be easily recognised from the 
Whooper by its smaller size, and by the colour of the bill, 
which has not only nearly all its basal part yellow like the 
lores, but is further distinguished by having the black of its 
terminal portion extended for some distance above the nostrils 
and backwards to the gape. The bill is much smaller than in 
the Whooper, the culmen only measuring 3-8 inches. 
Range in Great Britain.— In England this Swan must be con- 
sidered as a rarer bird than the Whooper, but on the Scottish 
coasts and the Outer Hebrides it occurs much more plentifully 
than its larger relative, and this is especially the case in Ire- 
land, where it is sometimes seen, after hard frosts, by hundreds 
and thousands. 
