eRALLATOBES. 
171 
whatever that the Columbidee represent the Tenuirostres : 
it therefore results that the Cmcidm will typify the 
Scansores ; with which, as before mentioned, they evince 
a disposition to unite by absolute affinity : the PavonidtB 
thus become the typical family, and the Tetraonidts the 
suhtypical. 
CHAP. XIII. 
ON THE ORDER OF GRALL^TORES, OR WADING BIRDS. 
(193.) In taking leave of the rasorial order,we finally quit 
all those families which are usually termed land birds, 
and enter among such as habitually frequent the water ; 
but nature, ever prone to follow those “ measured steps 
and slow," by which all her changes are accomplished, 
places between tliose great divisions, inhabiting two dif- 
ferent elements, a peculiar order, whose habits partake 
both of the one and of the other. This order is com- 
posed of the Gballatobes, or waders. It comprises 
all such families as live both on the land and sea, and to 
whom the one element is as essential as the other. 
There food chiefly consists of small marine animals, cast 
up, or inhabiting the shore. To irrocure such food, these 
birds must often wade in the water, or traverse marshes : 
hence they are provided with remarkably long legs for 
elevating their body, and slender bills for penetrating 
into the soft ground. Such as are more especially 
aquatic have a short web to their toes ; while others, like 
the plovers, which seldom venture into the water, have 
not this structure. Their wings are very long ; for they 
have no settled district, but fly from shore to shore as 
the seasons change. Incapable of that perfection in 
swimming which is developed in tlie next order, the 
waders may be termed marine Rasores, or fowls of the 
