STURNIDiB. STCENINiB. 
269 
Family STURNID^. Starlings. 
Size smaller. Stature less robust. Bill angulated at the 
base ; the upper mantlible entire. Lateral toes equal. 
SuBKAM. STURNINdi. Typical Starlings. 
Bill in the form of a lengthened cone ; longer than the 
head : the commissure with an acute angle at the base. 
Sturnus, Lin. Bill depressed from the base as far as the 
tip, which is slightly inflexed, and ohsoletely notched. 
Ctdmen convex and rounded. Wings lengthened, 
pointed; the first quill minute and spurious; the 
second and third longest. Tail short, divaricated. 
Feet moderate, terrestrial. 1 he lateral toes equal , 
the middle toe as long as the tarsus; hinder toe 
shorter. The conirostral type. 
S. vulgaris. Selby, pi. 36. f. 1. 
Pastor, Temminck. {fg. 239- a) Bill depressed only 
at the base, com- 
pressed beyond ; 
culmen slightly 
bent. Tip of the 
upper mandible 
deeply notched. 
Commissure dis- 
tinctly angulated at 
the base. Nostrils 
large, feathered. 
Wings moderate in 
length, ample in 
breadth ; first quill 
very minute ; the second nearly equal to the third. 
Tail short, broad, rounded. Feet very large and 
strong. Middle toe as long as the tarsus ; hinder 
shorter; lateral toes equal. Claws somewhat slen- 
der, acute, but not much curved. Warm latitudes 
of the Old World. The dentirostral type. 
P. roseus. Selby, pi. 36. f. 2. 
Gracula, Auct. Bill short, stout, not so long as the 
